無線體域網(wǎng)低能耗功率控制與調(diào)度算法研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-14 11:11
【摘要】：無線體域網(wǎng)(Wireless Body Area Network,WBAN)能夠?yàn)榛颊咛峁┑统杀�、持續(xù)、準(zhǔn)確的醫(yī)療監(jiān)護(hù),近年來已成為遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療、重癥監(jiān)護(hù)等領(lǐng)域的新趨勢。而受人體安全和元器件能量限制,低能耗設(shè)計在無線體域網(wǎng)的設(shè)計中至關(guān)重要。節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗按照功能分為數(shù)據(jù)采集、處理和傳輸三部分,其中傳輸能耗占比最大。功率控制和調(diào)度算法作為降低傳輸能耗的兩個關(guān)鍵手段,其研究具有理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。目前無線體域網(wǎng)功率控制和調(diào)度算法存在問題主要有(1)功率控制算法都是基于預(yù)先定義好的鏈路質(zhì)量與發(fā)射功率的函數(shù)關(guān)系,這種函數(shù)關(guān)系簡化了兩個變量之間的數(shù)量關(guān)系,存在較大誤差。(2)表征鏈路質(zhì)量所選擇的參數(shù)為信號強(qiáng)度(Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSSI),其過于靈敏且易受環(huán)境因素影響產(chǎn)生波動。(3)現(xiàn)有的調(diào)度算法使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期這一個指標(biāo)進(jìn)行衡量,未考慮具體應(yīng)用下節(jié)點(diǎn)的傳輸速率和網(wǎng)絡(luò)公平性要求。本文在傳統(tǒng)算法的基礎(chǔ)上,對功率控制和調(diào)度算法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。在功率控制中運(yùn)用反饋調(diào)節(jié)思想,在調(diào)度算法中考慮了傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的不同傳輸要求。具體如下:(1)提出了一種基于比例、積分、微分(Proportional、Integral、Differential,PID)算法的反饋功率控制算法。算法用鏈路質(zhì)量(Link Quality Indicator,LQI)均值表征包接收率,將網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行時節(jié)點(diǎn)LQI均值與閾值的差值,通過PID算法得到功率調(diào)節(jié)量。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與傳統(tǒng)的乘增加減算法和動態(tài)姿勢推測算法相比,在保證97.6%包接收率的前提下,該算法的節(jié)點(diǎn)平均能耗分別減少17.3mw和13.7mw,網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期平均提高28.7%和23.4%。(2)提出了一種加入網(wǎng)絡(luò)公平性的集中式調(diào)度算法。Sink節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)全網(wǎng)各節(jié)點(diǎn)鏈路質(zhì)量在時隙開始時統(tǒng)一選擇節(jié)點(diǎn)調(diào)度,該問題被建模成一個加入公平性約束的馬爾科夫決策過程,采用值迭代對模型求解得到最優(yōu)調(diào)度策略。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,合理選擇公平性閾值可延長網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期。與傳統(tǒng)算法比較,該算法延長了網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期。(3)針對集中式調(diào)度在開銷大、不易擴(kuò)展的局限性,提出了一種加入公平參數(shù)的分布式調(diào)度算法。在最大化生存期動態(tài)策略算法(Dynamic Protocol for Lifetime Maximization,DPLM)的能效指數(shù)中加入公平性參數(shù),各節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)當(dāng)前自身的鏈路質(zhì)量計算能效指數(shù),根據(jù)其與退避時間的函數(shù)關(guān)系計算退避時間。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與DPLM算法相比,該算法在保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期的同時合理分配了傳輸時隙,滿足了各節(jié)點(diǎn)的不同數(shù)據(jù)傳輸要求。
[Abstract]:Wireless body area Network (Wireless Body Area Network,WBAN) can provide low cost, continuous and accurate medical care for patients. In recent years, it has become a new trend in the field of telemedicine and intensive care. Due to the limitation of human safety and component energy, low energy consumption design is very important in the design of wireless body area network. Node energy consumption is divided into three parts according to its function: data acquisition, processing and transmission. As two key means to reduce transmission energy consumption, power control and scheduling algorithms are of theoretical and practical significance. At present, the main problems of power control and scheduling algorithms in wireless bulk area networks are as follows: (1) Power control algorithms are based on the predefined function relationship between link quality and transmit power. This functional relationship simplifies the quantitative relationship between two variables, and there are large errors. (2) the parameter chosen to characterize the link quality is signal strength (Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSSI. It is too sensitive and vulnerable to fluctuations due to environmental factors. (3) the existing scheduling algorithms are measured by the network lifetime, without considering the transmission rate and network fairness requirements of the nodes under specific applications. Based on the traditional algorithms, this paper optimizes the power control and scheduling algorithms. In the power control, the different transmission requirements of sensor nodes are considered in the scheduling algorithm by using the idea of feedback regulation. The details are as follows: (1) A feedback power control algorithm based on proportional, integral and differential (Proportional,Integral,Differential,PID) algorithm is proposed. The average value of link quality (Link Quality Indicator,LQI (link quality (Link Quality Indicator,LQI) is used to characterize the packet reception rate, and the difference between the average value of LQI and the threshold of the node when the network is running, and the power regulation is obtained by using the PID algorithm. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional multiplicative addition and subtraction algorithm and the dynamic postural estimation algorithm, the average energy consumption of the nodes in this algorithm is reduced by 17.3mw and 13.7 MW, respectively, while the 97. 6% packet reception rate is guaranteed. The average lifetime of the network is increased by 28.7% and 23.4%. (2) A centralized scheduling algorithm with fairness is proposed. According to the link quality of each node in the network, the Sink node selects the node scheduling uniformly at the beginning of the time slot. The problem is modeled as a Markov decision process with fairness constraints, and the optimal scheduling strategy is obtained by solving the model by value iteration. The experimental results show that the reasonable selection of fairness threshold can prolong the network lifetime. Compared with the traditional algorithms, the proposed algorithm extends the network lifetime. (3) in view of the limitations of centralized scheduling, which is expensive and difficult to extend, a distributed scheduling algorithm with fair parameters is proposed. The fairness parameter is added to the energy efficiency index of the dynamic strategy algorithm (Dynamic Protocol for Lifetime Maximization,DPLM. Each node calculates the energy efficiency index according to the current link quality, and calculates the Backoff time according to the function relationship between the energy efficiency index and the Backoff time. The experimental results show that compared with the DPLM algorithm, the proposed algorithm not only ensures the lifetime of the network, but also reasonably allocates the transmission time slots, which satisfies the different data transmission requirements of each node.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN92
本文編號：2378514
[Abstract]:Wireless body area Network (Wireless Body Area Network,WBAN) can provide low cost, continuous and accurate medical care for patients. In recent years, it has become a new trend in the field of telemedicine and intensive care. Due to the limitation of human safety and component energy, low energy consumption design is very important in the design of wireless body area network. Node energy consumption is divided into three parts according to its function: data acquisition, processing and transmission. As two key means to reduce transmission energy consumption, power control and scheduling algorithms are of theoretical and practical significance. At present, the main problems of power control and scheduling algorithms in wireless bulk area networks are as follows: (1) Power control algorithms are based on the predefined function relationship between link quality and transmit power. This functional relationship simplifies the quantitative relationship between two variables, and there are large errors. (2) the parameter chosen to characterize the link quality is signal strength (Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSSI. It is too sensitive and vulnerable to fluctuations due to environmental factors. (3) the existing scheduling algorithms are measured by the network lifetime, without considering the transmission rate and network fairness requirements of the nodes under specific applications. Based on the traditional algorithms, this paper optimizes the power control and scheduling algorithms. In the power control, the different transmission requirements of sensor nodes are considered in the scheduling algorithm by using the idea of feedback regulation. The details are as follows: (1) A feedback power control algorithm based on proportional, integral and differential (Proportional,Integral,Differential,PID) algorithm is proposed. The average value of link quality (Link Quality Indicator,LQI (link quality (Link Quality Indicator,LQI) is used to characterize the packet reception rate, and the difference between the average value of LQI and the threshold of the node when the network is running, and the power regulation is obtained by using the PID algorithm. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional multiplicative addition and subtraction algorithm and the dynamic postural estimation algorithm, the average energy consumption of the nodes in this algorithm is reduced by 17.3mw and 13.7 MW, respectively, while the 97. 6% packet reception rate is guaranteed. The average lifetime of the network is increased by 28.7% and 23.4%. (2) A centralized scheduling algorithm with fairness is proposed. According to the link quality of each node in the network, the Sink node selects the node scheduling uniformly at the beginning of the time slot. The problem is modeled as a Markov decision process with fairness constraints, and the optimal scheduling strategy is obtained by solving the model by value iteration. The experimental results show that the reasonable selection of fairness threshold can prolong the network lifetime. Compared with the traditional algorithms, the proposed algorithm extends the network lifetime. (3) in view of the limitations of centralized scheduling, which is expensive and difficult to extend, a distributed scheduling algorithm with fair parameters is proposed. The fairness parameter is added to the energy efficiency index of the dynamic strategy algorithm (Dynamic Protocol for Lifetime Maximization,DPLM. Each node calculates the energy efficiency index according to the current link quality, and calculates the Backoff time according to the function relationship between the energy efficiency index and the Backoff time. The experimental results show that compared with the DPLM algorithm, the proposed algorithm not only ensures the lifetime of the network, but also reasonably allocates the transmission time slots, which satisfies the different data transmission requirements of each node.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN92
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