【摘要】：隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)和無(wú)線自組網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,無(wú)線自組網(wǎng)技術(shù)越來(lái)越多的應(yīng)用到人們的生產(chǎn)生活中。在抄表行業(yè),無(wú)線抄表已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵的技術(shù)應(yīng)用,利用無(wú)線節(jié)點(diǎn)采集儀表的讀數(shù)并上傳,節(jié)省了大量的成本。而無(wú)線節(jié)點(diǎn)往往采用電池供電,電池的電量和網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量的消耗限制了網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命,經(jīng)常性的更換電池給網(wǎng)絡(luò)的維護(hù)帶來(lái)巨大的開(kāi)銷和不便。因此對(duì)于面向無(wú)線抄表行業(yè)的無(wú)線自組網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命的優(yōu)化成為關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。本文主要對(duì)面向無(wú)線抄表的6LoWPAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究,優(yōu)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗,提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命。本文通過(guò)對(duì)抄表行為和數(shù)據(jù)流量的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)抄表數(shù)據(jù)具有周期長(zhǎng)流量集中的特點(diǎn)。通常情況下網(wǎng)絡(luò)只在一天中固定的2~4個(gè)時(shí)間段進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸,根據(jù)這個(gè)特點(diǎn),本文通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)基于時(shí)間同步的混合網(wǎng)絡(luò)模式,利用時(shí)間同步和網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)度,將網(wǎng)絡(luò)劃分為Active狀態(tài)和Inactive狀態(tài),對(duì)應(yīng)于業(yè)務(wù)階段和非業(yè)務(wù)階段,網(wǎng)絡(luò)在Active狀態(tài)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的收發(fā),Inactive狀態(tài)下網(wǎng)絡(luò)以極低的能耗運(yùn)行。同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)兩種基于軟件的節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗估計(jì)模型,利用基于狀態(tài)時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)的在線能耗估計(jì)模型,節(jié)點(diǎn)能實(shí)時(shí)的監(jiān)測(cè)自身的能量消耗,作出調(diào)整和反饋;利用基于節(jié)點(diǎn)行為預(yù)測(cè)的離線能耗估計(jì)模型,網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用者可以在不部署實(shí)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)的前提下,得到相應(yīng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)。在對(duì)發(fā)生在業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)間段中的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸能耗的優(yōu)化,本文通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)能耗均衡機(jī)制,減弱由于使用基于收集樹(shù)的ORPL路由協(xié)議導(dǎo)致的能耗不均衡的現(xiàn)象。節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)能量消耗,自適應(yīng)的調(diào)整CCA周期,均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的能量消耗,提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命。對(duì)于下行的多播數(shù)據(jù),利用角色分類的低功耗多播算法,減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的冗余多播消息,從而減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能量消耗。在論文最后,通過(guò)部署實(shí)際的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)所實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)制進(jìn)行性能和能耗的具體分析,驗(yàn)證各個(gè)機(jī)制的效果,得出相應(yīng)的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet of things technology and wireless ad hoc network technology, wireless ad hoc network technology is more and more used in people's production and life. In the meter reading industry, wireless meter reading has become a key technology application, the use of wireless nodes to collect meter readings and upload, save a lot of costs. However, the battery is often used to power the wireless nodes. The battery energy consumption and network energy consumption limit the network life. The frequent replacement of the battery brings huge cost and inconvenience to the maintenance of the network. Therefore, it is a key problem to optimize the lifetime of wireless ad hoc network for wireless meter reading industry. In this paper, the key technologies of wireless meter reading oriented 6LoWPAN network life are studied to optimize network energy consumption and improve network life. Based on the analysis of meter reading behavior and data flow, it is found that meter reading data have the characteristics of long cycle flow concentration. In general, the network only transmits data in two to four fixed periods of the day. According to this characteristic, this paper designs a hybrid network mode based on time synchronization, using time synchronization and network scheduling. The network is divided into Active state and Inactive state, corresponding to the service phase and non-service phase, the network receives and sends data in the Active state, and the network runs with very low energy consumption under the Inactive state. At the same time, two software-based node energy consumption estimation models are designed and implemented. Using the on-line energy consumption estimation model based on state time statistics, nodes can monitor their own energy consumption in real time and make adjustments and feedback. Using the off-line energy estimation model based on node behavior prediction, network users can obtain the corresponding network parameters without deploying the actual network. In order to optimize the energy consumption of data transmission during the service period, this paper designs an energy balance mechanism to reduce the imbalance of energy consumption caused by the use of ORPL routing protocol based on collection tree. According to the energy consumption, the node adaptively adjusts the CCA cycle, equalizes the energy consumption in the network and improves the network life. For downlink multicast data, the low power multicast algorithm based on role classification is used to reduce the redundant multicast messages in the network, thus reducing the energy consumption of the network. At the end of the paper, the performance and energy consumption of the realized mechanism are analyzed by deploying the actual application scenario experiment, and the results of each mechanism are verified, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN92

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