【摘要】：能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)能源可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必由之路,高度智能和互動開放是能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵支撐和基本要求。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)作為感知的“神經(jīng)末梢”,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)電網(wǎng)相關(guān)狀態(tài)參數(shù)的實(shí)時精確感知,可以應(yīng)用于輸電線路的監(jiān)測、配電線路故障定位、變電站自動化等方面,有效提高電網(wǎng)的信息化和自動化程度。目前,傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量供應(yīng)方式主要有電池供電和外界能量采集兩種,但是,由于傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)尺寸和成本的限制,其能量供應(yīng)極其有限,因此,采用合理的能量優(yōu)化路由協(xié)議最大限度地提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生存周期具有重要意義。經(jīng)典的層次路由協(xié)議有LEACH,HEED,EEUC等。它們都采用概率周期選取簇首來均衡每個節(jié)點(diǎn)的能耗,避免部分節(jié)點(diǎn)過早死亡,以此延長網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存周期。其次,通過數(shù)據(jù)聚合來減少數(shù)據(jù)傳輸量,減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗,提高能量利用效率。但是,電網(wǎng)在線監(jiān)測中,輸電線路監(jiān)測是其重要組成部分,由于輸電線路結(jié)構(gòu)上鮮明的特點(diǎn),使WSN具有鏈狀拓?fù)洹⒕W(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)聚合率低等特點(diǎn),需要設(shè)計(jì)專用的路由協(xié)議。本文詳細(xì)介紹了電網(wǎng)在線監(jiān)測技術(shù)以及無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,提出了基于WSN的電網(wǎng)在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的架構(gòu)體系,并著重討論了輸電線路在線監(jiān)測中WSN的特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)其鏈狀拓?fù)涮攸c(diǎn),通過增加sink節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量將WSN劃分為多個子網(wǎng)絡(luò),縮短普通節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸距離。針對簇間通信過程中鄰近sink的節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)大量數(shù)據(jù)而產(chǎn)生的“能量熱區(qū)”問題,提出一種基于同步變距離傳輸?shù)哪芰咳制胶饴酚伤惴�。仿真結(jié)果表明,本文算法可有效實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗均衡,提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存周期,滿足電網(wǎng)在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中WSN對數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)膽?yīng)用需求。
[Abstract]:Energy Internet is the only way to realize the sustainable development of energy, and highly intelligent and interactive opening is the key support and basic requirement of energy Internet. Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN), as a perceptual "nerve endings", can realize the real-time accurate perception of the relevant state parameters of the power grid, and can be applied to the monitoring of transmission lines and fault location of distribution lines. Substation automation and other aspects, effectively improve the information and automation of the power grid. At present, the energy supply modes of sensor nodes are mainly battery power supply and external energy acquisition. However, due to the limitation of sensor node size and cost, its energy supply is extremely limited. It is of great significance to maximize the lifetime of the network by adopting a reasonable energy optimized routing protocol. Classical hierarchical routing protocols include LEACH,HEED,EEUC and so on. They all use probabilistic cluster heads to equalize the energy consumption of each node and avoid premature death of some nodes, thus prolonging the network lifetime. Secondly, data aggregation is used to reduce the amount of data transmission, reduce network energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. However, transmission line monitoring is an important part of the on-line power network monitoring. Because of the distinct characteristics of transmission line structure, WSN has the characteristics of chain topology and low data aggregation rate, so it is necessary to design a special routing protocol. In this paper, the development of on-line monitoring technology and wireless sensor network technology are introduced in detail, the architecture of on-line monitoring system based on WSN is proposed, and the characteristics of WSN in on-line monitoring of transmission lines are discussed emphatically. By increasing the number of sink nodes, the WSN is divided into several subnetworks, which can shorten the data transmission distance of common nodes. In order to solve the problem of "energy hot zone" caused by the transmission of a large amount of data by nodes adjacent to sink in inter-cluster communication, an energy global balanced routing algorithm based on synchronous variable distance transmission is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively balance the energy consumption of the network, improve the network lifetime, and meet the application requirements of WSN for data transmission in the on-line monitoring system of power grid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM76;TN929.5;TP212.9

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