【摘要】：對(duì)流層大氣溫度的垂直分布特征直接關(guān)聯(lián)天氣現(xiàn)象和大氣污染物擴(kuò)散,一直是氣象和環(huán)境部門的重點(diǎn)觀測(cè)對(duì)象。當(dāng)前激光雷達(dá)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為探測(cè)對(duì)流層大氣溫度垂直分布和時(shí)間演變的有效手段。然而由于對(duì)流層中含有大量的氣溶膠粒子,因此利用傳統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)拉曼和瑞利散射激光雷達(dá)技術(shù)測(cè)量大氣溫度具有一定的局限性,尤其是邊界層內(nèi)存在高濃度的氣溶膠粒子會(huì)嚴(yán)重降低大氣溫度測(cè)量精度。采用純轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)拉曼激光雷達(dá)技術(shù)可有效降低氣溶膠粒子對(duì)測(cè)量溫度精度的影響。純轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)拉曼測(cè)溫激光雷達(dá)的核心是分光單元設(shè)計(jì),國內(nèi)外研究普遍使用基于雙光柵干涉儀的分光方法。文中將采用基于濾光片法的純轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)拉曼信號(hào)分光設(shè)計(jì),相比而言該方法具有更高的分光效率,并且能夠通過調(diào)節(jié)濾光片的角度改變激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的靈敏度,操作更為簡單。在中國科學(xué)院"大氣灰霾追因與控制"先導(dǎo)專項(xiàng)支持下,該激光雷達(dá)與2014年11月安置在中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)超級(jí)大氣觀測(cè)站。在亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織北京會(huì)議期間,展開大氣環(huán)境測(cè)量試驗(yàn)。激光紫外波段能量約為200 m J,頻率為20 Hz,激光脈沖數(shù)為5 000發(fā),空間分辨率為7.5 m。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在晴朗無云氣溶膠濃度較小的天氣條件下溫度測(cè)量統(tǒng)計(jì)誤差小于1.5 K,測(cè)量高度可達(dá)10 km,在7.5 km以下統(tǒng)計(jì)誤差小于1 K;在有薄云或者輕度霧霾天氣條件下,溫度測(cè)量統(tǒng)計(jì)誤差在±3K左右,測(cè)量有效高度通常在6~8 km,在4.8 km以下統(tǒng)計(jì)誤差小于1 K。
[Abstract]:The vertical distribution of temperature in the troposphere is directly related to weather phenomena and atmospheric pollutant diffusion, and has been a key observation object in meteorological and environmental departments. At present, lidar technology has become an effective means to detect the vertical distribution and time evolution of atmospheric temperature in the troposphere. However, because there are a lot of aerosol particles in the troposphere, the traditional vibratory Raman and Rayleigh scattering lidar techniques have some limitations in measuring atmospheric temperature. In particular, the presence of high concentrations of aerosol particles in the boundary layer will seriously reduce the accuracy of atmospheric temperature measurement. The pure rotational Raman lidar technique can effectively reduce the influence of aerosol particles on the measurement temperature accuracy. The core of pure rotational Raman temperature measuring lidar is the design of light splitting unit, which is widely used in domestic and foreign research based on double grating interferometer. In this paper, the pure rotational Raman signal based on filter method is designed. Compared with this method, the method is more efficient, and the sensitivity of lidar system can be changed by adjusting the angle of filter, and the operation is simpler. The lidar was installed at the Super Atmospheric Observatory of the University of Science and Technology of China in November 2014 with the support of the pilot project "Air Haze recovery and Control" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. During the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Beijing meeting, an atmospheric environmental measurement test was launched. The energy of ultraviolet band is about 200mJ, the frequency is 20 Hz, the number of laser pulses is 5 000, and the spatial resolution is 7.5 m. The experimental results show that the statistical error of temperature measurement is less than 1. 5 K and the height of measurement can reach 10 km, under 7.5 km under the condition of clear and cloudless aerosol concentration smaller than 1. 5 K. Under the condition of thin cloud or mild haze weather, the statistical error of temperature measurement is about 鹵3K, and the effective height of measurement is usually less than 1 KK when the effective height is 6 ~ 8 km, or less than 4.8 km.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院合肥物質(zhì)科學(xué)研究院安徽光學(xué)精密機(jī)械研究所大氣成分與光學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);
【基金】：國家863計(jì)劃(2012AA120901) 國家自然科學(xué)基金(41405032) 中國科學(xué)院重點(diǎn)部署項(xiàng)目(KJZD-EW-TZ-G06-01-20) 安徽省自主創(chuàng)新專項(xiàng)(12Z0104074)
【分類號(hào)】：TN958.98

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