【摘要】：隨著信號(hào)處理方法、探測(cè)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,利用目標(biāo)在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中伴隨噪聲來識(shí)別位置的方法,被廣泛應(yīng)用于戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)車輛發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噪聲定位、安防監(jiān)控追蹤系統(tǒng)、智能機(jī)器人“聽覺系統(tǒng)”等軍事民用領(lǐng)域,所以開展對(duì)聲源被動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)的研究具有實(shí)用價(jià)值與意義。本文對(duì)現(xiàn)有定位算法的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,確定了易于實(shí)現(xiàn)的到達(dá)時(shí)間差算法作為理論支撐。在麥克風(fēng)陣列模型方面,重點(diǎn)研究平面五元十字形陣列,推導(dǎo)了基于時(shí)延估計(jì)的定位公式,并對(duì)影響其定位誤差的因素進(jìn)行分析和仿真。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)定位系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)性和準(zhǔn)確性的要求,提出了FPGA結(jié)合上位機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案;設(shè)計(jì)了巴特沃斯低通濾波電路、增益可調(diào)的前置放大電路、A/D采樣轉(zhuǎn)換電路、FPGA控制和接口電路等硬件模塊;詳細(xì)介紹了系統(tǒng)通信協(xié)議,并在此基礎(chǔ)上完成采集命令、定位算法等模塊的軟件功能設(shè)計(jì)。在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了測(cè)試平臺(tái)搭建,對(duì)系統(tǒng)硬件性能進(jìn)行了一致性測(cè)試,驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)性能;然后分別用平面四元十字形和五元十字形陣列在不同測(cè)試點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,并對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明本文設(shè)計(jì)的五元十字形聲源被動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、實(shí)時(shí)性好,可以滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:With the development of signal processing and detection technology, the method of identifying the position of the target with noise during the moving process has been widely used in the vehicle engine noise location, security monitoring and tracking system. Intelligent robot "auditory system" and other military and civil fields, so it is of practical value and significance to study the passive location system of sound source. In this paper, the current research status of the existing localization algorithms is analyzed, and the time of arrival (TDOA) algorithm which is easy to implement is determined as the theoretical support. In the microphone array model, the plane five-element cross-shaped array is studied, the location formula based on time delay estimation is derived, and the factors affecting the positioning error are analyzed and simulated. In order to meet the requirements of real-time and accuracy of positioning system, the overall design scheme of FPGA combined with host computer is put forward. The hardware modules such as Butterworth low-pass filter circuit, gain adjustable preamplifier circuit, A / D sampling and conversion circuit, FPGA control and interface circuit are designed. The communication protocol of the system is introduced in detail, and on this basis, the software function design of acquisition command, location algorithm and other modules is completed. On this basis, the test platform is built, the system hardware performance is tested, and the system performance is verified. Then, the plane quaternion cross array and the five element cross array are used to test at different test points, and the test results are analyzed. The experimental results show that the five-element cross-shaped sound source passive positioning system designed in this paper is simple in structure, good in real time, and can meet the design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN912.3

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