【摘要】：在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、車聯(lián)網(wǎng)三網(wǎng)迅速發(fā)展的背景下,一系列與人或物的位置相關(guān)的信息日益受到關(guān)注和重視。室外的定位導(dǎo)航已經(jīng)擁有非常成熟的衛(wèi)星通信技術(shù),而在復(fù)雜的室內(nèi)環(huán)境中,由于無(wú)法使用衛(wèi)星信號(hào),從而使得大量公司、研究機(jī)構(gòu)尋找新的解決方案。室內(nèi)的環(huán)境是多樣的、豐富的,例如商場(chǎng)、機(jī)場(chǎng)、醫(yī)院、辦公大廈、停車場(chǎng)、倉(cāng)庫(kù)等等。在這些室內(nèi)環(huán)境中,人員定位、貨物管理、消息推送等基于位置的服務(wù)得到開發(fā)和應(yīng)用。當(dāng)下絕大部分室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)都使用了無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò),這也使得室內(nèi)定位導(dǎo)航技術(shù)呈現(xiàn)百家爭(zhēng)鳴的現(xiàn)象。主要有RFID、超聲波、WiFi、藍(lán)牙、ZigBee、超寬帶(UWB)、線性調(diào)頻擴(kuò)頻(CSS)等等無(wú)線傳感技術(shù),這些技術(shù)的方案主要分為基于接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度(RSSI)定位和基于時(shí)間(TOA、TDOA)定位兩大類�；诮邮招盘�(hào)強(qiáng)度定位一般具有功耗低、成本低、組網(wǎng)靈活多變,能夠傳輸信息等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但是極易受到復(fù)雜的室內(nèi)環(huán)境影響,主要是遮擋、反射、折射引起定位精度的降低�；跁r(shí)間定位具有定位精度高、功耗低、抗干擾的優(yōu)勢(shì),但是該方案存在組網(wǎng)不夠靈活,傳輸信息量少等問(wèn)題。在對(duì)多種定位技術(shù)的對(duì)比分析后,本文分別采用ZigBee和CSS方案對(duì)室內(nèi)定位進(jìn)行了深入研究。本文針對(duì)ZigBee定位中的RSSI的波動(dòng)性引起距離計(jì)算偏差較大問(wèn)題,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了鏈路質(zhì)量(LQI)與RSSI的關(guān)系,提出了LQI-RSSI測(cè)距算法。并結(jié)合三角函數(shù)對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的粒子群算法進(jìn)行改善,通過(guò)測(cè)距實(shí)驗(yàn)和定位實(shí)驗(yàn)表明了ZigBee技術(shù)在小范圍的區(qū)域具有較好的定位效果。本文在CSS定位研究中詳細(xì)分析了CSS信號(hào)體制及其優(yōu)點(diǎn),選擇雙邊雙向的測(cè)距算法、粒子濾波算法和最小二乘定位算法求解移動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)位置,有效地解決了時(shí)間同步的難題。并開展了測(cè)距實(shí)驗(yàn)和定位實(shí)驗(yàn),表明CSS技術(shù)能夠在大范圍區(qū)域中實(shí)現(xiàn)較好的定位。最后本文使用ZigBee、CSS結(jié)合氣壓傳感器設(shè)計(jì)了基于CSS的室內(nèi)定位微基站的解決方案。并進(jìn)行小規(guī)模的實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了物的相對(duì)定位。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rapid development of Internet of things and three networks of cars a series of information related to the location of people or objects has been paid more and more attention to. Outdoor positioning and navigation technology has been very mature satellite communication technology, and in the complex indoor environment, because of the inability to use satellite signals, so a large number of companies, research institutions to find new solutions. The indoor environment is diverse and rich, such as shopping malls, airports, hospitals, office buildings, parking lots, warehouses and so on. In these indoor environments, location-based services such as location, cargo management and message push are developed and applied. At present, wireless sensor networks are used in most indoor positioning technologies, which makes indoor positioning and navigation technology appear the phenomenon of a hundred schools of thought. There are mainly RFID, ultrasonic, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, ultra-wideband (UWB), linear frequency modulation spread spectrum (CSS) and other wireless sensing technologies, which are mainly based on the received signal strength (RSSI) location and TOA, (TOA,). TDOA) locate two categories. Based on the received signal intensity localization generally has the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, flexible network, can transmit information, but easily affected by the complex indoor environment, mainly occlusion, reflection, refraction resulting in the reduction of positioning accuracy. Time-based positioning has the advantages of high positioning accuracy, low power consumption and anti-interference. However, the scheme is not flexible enough to network and has less information. After the comparative analysis of various positioning techniques, this paper studies indoor positioning with ZigBee and CSS respectively. In this paper, the relation between link quality (LQI) and RSSI is studied experimentally, and the LQI-RSSI ranging algorithm is proposed to solve the problem that the fluctuation of RSSI in ZigBee location causes the deviation of distance calculation. The standard particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved with trigonometric function. The results of ranging and localization experiments show that ZigBee technology has better localization effect in small range regions. In this paper, the CSS signal system and its advantages are analyzed in detail in the research of CSS location. The two-sided bidirectional ranging algorithm, particle filter algorithm and least square localization algorithm are selected to solve the location of mobile node, which effectively solves the problem of time synchronization. The experiments of ranging and localization are carried out, which show that CSS technology can achieve better localization in a wide range of areas. Finally, the solution of indoor positioning microbase station based on CSS is designed by using ZigBee,CSS and air pressure sensor. Small scale experiments were carried out to realize the relative orientation of objects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN92

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