基于分簇策略的ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由能量?jī)?yōu)化方法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-25 20:45
【摘要】：ZigBee是一種短距離無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以其低成本、低功耗、自組網(wǎng)、體積小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)成為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中解決無線個(gè)域網(wǎng)問題的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)多采用電池供電,網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的信息傳遞效率、網(wǎng)絡(luò)完整性、網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期等很依賴于各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量狀況,并且ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)的很多使用場(chǎng)景決定了它在部署后不易于更換電池,所以如何在現(xiàn)有有限能量的基礎(chǔ)上盡可能的降低ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量消耗,保證整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的通信效率延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用周期就顯得尤為重要。盡管ZigBee技術(shù)自身也采用了一些舉措來降低節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量消耗,但在降低能耗優(yōu)化性能上還有較大的改進(jìn)空間。ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的研究是近些年國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)注和研究的重點(diǎn),而網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也在不斷的修改完善之中。經(jīng)典的ZBR算法雖然混合使用了AODVjr和ClusterTree協(xié)議,但只是指出了可以使用這兩種協(xié)議,并未詳細(xì)說明該如何有效地選擇和結(jié)合兩種算法之間的優(yōu)勢(shì),取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短。本文在深入研究ZigBee路由協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種基于分簇策略的能量?jī)?yōu)化算法。本文提出的改進(jìn)算法采用ME-AODV分簇方法將整個(gè)ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)劃分為一個(gè)個(gè)邏輯簇,通過簇來限制RREQ的洪泛方向,減少大量不必要的路由發(fā)現(xiàn)過程和因此產(chǎn)生的RREQ冗余。除了考慮單個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量消耗外,本文算法也綜合考量關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)在整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的能量水平,引入能量等級(jí)的概念將節(jié)點(diǎn)劃分為充足、偏低、警戒三個(gè)等級(jí),等級(jí)的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是動(dòng)態(tài)變化的,它跟節(jié)點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)深度、網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體的能量狀況相關(guān)。每個(gè)簇中簇首根據(jù)自身的能量狀況來決定簇內(nèi)外該選擇何種路由協(xié)議,有效結(jié)合AODVjr協(xié)議的最佳路由和Cluster-Tree協(xié)議簡(jiǎn)單節(jié)能的優(yōu)勢(shì)。此外還采用了備用節(jié)點(diǎn)機(jī)制,使得節(jié)點(diǎn)在能量較低時(shí)可以使用備用的節(jié)點(diǎn)繼續(xù)工作。加入延時(shí)因子機(jī)制,使得節(jié)點(diǎn)在能量偏低時(shí)降低自己作為路由中間節(jié)點(diǎn)的可能性,較好的避免了某些節(jié)點(diǎn)因能量耗盡過快而導(dǎo)致死亡,讓整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)各層的負(fù)載更加均衡,減少節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量消耗,延長(zhǎng)了ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用壽命。本文對(duì)改進(jìn)后的算法在NS2平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行與經(jīng)典ZBR算法的仿真對(duì)比,并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究和分析。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的對(duì)比可知,在分組投遞率,全網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)能量消耗,路由開銷百分比,網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲,剩余能量百分比這幾個(gè)指標(biāo)上都優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的ZBR算法。改進(jìn)后的算法可在一定程度上有效的均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各層節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)載,減緩節(jié)點(diǎn)死亡,降低整體能耗,延長(zhǎng)ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生命周期。
[Abstract]:ZigBee is a short-range wireless sensor network standard. Because of its advantages of low cost, low power consumption, ad hoc network and small size, ZigBee becomes the key technology to solve the problem of wireless personal area network in the Internet of things. The efficiency of information transmission, the integrity of the network, the life cycle of the network depend on the energy status of each node, and many usage scenarios of the ZigBee network make it difficult to replace the battery after deployment. Therefore, how to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes in ZigBee network on the basis of the existing finite energy, and ensure the communication efficiency of the whole network to extend the network life cycle is particularly important. Although ZigBee technology has also adopted some measures to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, there is still much room for improvement in reducing the performance of energy consumption optimization. The research of ZigBee network layer is the focus of domestic and foreign scholars in recent years. And the standard of network layer is also in ceaseless modification consummation. Although the classical ZBR algorithm uses AODVjr and ClusterTree protocols, it only points out that these two protocols can be used, and does not explain in detail how to select and combine the advantages between the two algorithms in order to complement each other. Based on the research of ZigBee routing protocol, an energy optimization algorithm based on clustering strategy is proposed in this paper. The improved algorithm proposed in this paper uses the ME-AODV clustering method to divide the whole ZigBee network into logical clusters, which limit the flooding direction of RREQ and reduce a large number of unnecessary route discovery processes and the resulting RREQ redundancy. In addition to considering the energy consumption of a single node, the algorithm also considers the energy level of the key nodes in the whole network. The concept of energy level is introduced to divide the nodes into three levels: sufficient, low and alert. The classification standard is dynamic, which is related to the network depth of nodes and the energy status of the network as a whole. The cluster head in each cluster determines which routing protocol should be selected within and outside the cluster according to its own energy status, effectively combining the best routing of AODVjr protocol and the advantages of simple energy saving of Cluster-Tree protocol. In addition, a standby node mechanism is adopted to enable the node to continue to work with the standby node when the energy is low. By adding the delay factor mechanism, the node reduces the possibility of being a routing intermediate node when the energy is low, which can avoid the death of some nodes because of the fast energy depletion, and make the load of all layers of the network more balanced. The energy consumption of the node is reduced, and the service life of the ZigBee network is prolonged. In this paper, the improved algorithm is compared with the classical ZBR algorithm on the NS2 platform, and the results are studied and analyzed in detail. The comparison of the experimental results shows that the traditional ZBR algorithm is superior to the traditional ZBR algorithm in terms of packet delivery rate, energy consumption of the whole network node, routing overhead percentage, network delay and residual energy percentage. The improved algorithm can effectively balance the load of nodes in each layer of the network to some extent, slow down the node death, reduce the overall energy consumption, and prolong the life cycle of the ZigBee network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN92
本文編號(hào)：2294787
[Abstract]:ZigBee is a short-range wireless sensor network standard. Because of its advantages of low cost, low power consumption, ad hoc network and small size, ZigBee becomes the key technology to solve the problem of wireless personal area network in the Internet of things. The efficiency of information transmission, the integrity of the network, the life cycle of the network depend on the energy status of each node, and many usage scenarios of the ZigBee network make it difficult to replace the battery after deployment. Therefore, how to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes in ZigBee network on the basis of the existing finite energy, and ensure the communication efficiency of the whole network to extend the network life cycle is particularly important. Although ZigBee technology has also adopted some measures to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, there is still much room for improvement in reducing the performance of energy consumption optimization. The research of ZigBee network layer is the focus of domestic and foreign scholars in recent years. And the standard of network layer is also in ceaseless modification consummation. Although the classical ZBR algorithm uses AODVjr and ClusterTree protocols, it only points out that these two protocols can be used, and does not explain in detail how to select and combine the advantages between the two algorithms in order to complement each other. Based on the research of ZigBee routing protocol, an energy optimization algorithm based on clustering strategy is proposed in this paper. The improved algorithm proposed in this paper uses the ME-AODV clustering method to divide the whole ZigBee network into logical clusters, which limit the flooding direction of RREQ and reduce a large number of unnecessary route discovery processes and the resulting RREQ redundancy. In addition to considering the energy consumption of a single node, the algorithm also considers the energy level of the key nodes in the whole network. The concept of energy level is introduced to divide the nodes into three levels: sufficient, low and alert. The classification standard is dynamic, which is related to the network depth of nodes and the energy status of the network as a whole. The cluster head in each cluster determines which routing protocol should be selected within and outside the cluster according to its own energy status, effectively combining the best routing of AODVjr protocol and the advantages of simple energy saving of Cluster-Tree protocol. In addition, a standby node mechanism is adopted to enable the node to continue to work with the standby node when the energy is low. By adding the delay factor mechanism, the node reduces the possibility of being a routing intermediate node when the energy is low, which can avoid the death of some nodes because of the fast energy depletion, and make the load of all layers of the network more balanced. The energy consumption of the node is reduced, and the service life of the ZigBee network is prolonged. In this paper, the improved algorithm is compared with the classical ZBR algorithm on the NS2 platform, and the results are studied and analyzed in detail. The comparison of the experimental results shows that the traditional ZBR algorithm is superior to the traditional ZBR algorithm in terms of packet delivery rate, energy consumption of the whole network node, routing overhead percentage, network delay and residual energy percentage. The improved algorithm can effectively balance the load of nodes in each layer of the network to some extent, slow down the node death, reduce the overall energy consumption, and prolong the life cycle of the ZigBee network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN92
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