【摘要】：毫米波頻段(30~300GHz)相比低頻段具有寬頻帶、結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸小、通信安全性好、目標識別分辨率高等諸多優(yōu)點成為近年來研究的熱點。在W波段(75~110GHz)特別是94 GHz頻率附近大氣衰減最小,適合點對點通信,是地基雷達和空空導(dǎo)彈等所選擇的熱門工作頻段。但隨著頻率的提高,介電損耗和歐姆損耗也越高,傳統(tǒng)的平面?zhèn)鬏斁�如微帶線已不太適合工作于W波段,金屬波導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)雖然損耗小但其體積龐大而不能平面集成�；刹▽�(dǎo)(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)具有二者的優(yōu)點被廣泛的應(yīng)用于毫米波平面電路。在某些特殊的應(yīng)用場合,要求天線接收的信號有較高的信噪比以減小外來干擾,為了減小天線接收信號的噪聲,降低天線方向圖的副瓣電平是最有效的方法之一。然而,由于W波段的波長短,對天線設(shè)計和加工的精度要求較高,導(dǎo)致低副瓣天線陣列的設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)很困難,原有的很多在低頻段中低副瓣陣列天線的設(shè)計方法已不適合W波段的低副瓣陣列設(shè)計,目前很少有W波段低副瓣陣列天線的研究工作。針對W波段低副瓣陣列天線設(shè)計困難的特點,本文基于SIW傳輸線對W波段低副瓣陣列天線進行深入的研究,主要包括以下幾個方面:首先,研究了工作于W波段的單個SIW縫隙天線的特性,提取了孤立縫隙在不同偏移量和長度條件下的導(dǎo)納參數(shù),在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了SIW縫隙陣列天線H面低副瓣設(shè)計方法,優(yōu)化仿真了H面低副瓣陣列大小為1×32的天線。同時為了實現(xiàn)天線陣列在E面的低副瓣特性,研究了梳狀和樹狀相位平衡的不等功分器。由于梳狀功分器和傳統(tǒng)的樹狀功分器設(shè)計方法在W波段已經(jīng)不適用,為了解決這個問題,提出了一種新型的相位平衡不等功分器,該不等功分器的應(yīng)用不受頻率的限制。為了減小尺寸,提出并設(shè)計了一種波導(dǎo)-基片集成波導(dǎo)混合集成E面功分器。最后,優(yōu)化仿真并加工了一種工作于93~95GHz,陣列大小為16×32,E面和H面副瓣為-20dB的SIW縫隙陣列天線,仿真和測試結(jié)果吻合良好。然后,針對在圓極化陣列天線中低副瓣設(shè)計困難的現(xiàn)狀,結(jié)合平板縫隙天線易實現(xiàn)多極化共口徑的特點,通過對兩個正交的線極化平板縫隙陣列天線低副瓣設(shè)計,實現(xiàn)了圓極化天線兩個正交面上方向圖低副瓣特性,并給出了相應(yīng)的設(shè)計原則�；诖嗽O(shè)計了一種工作于93.5~94.5GHz的共口徑雙圓極化低副瓣SIW平板縫隙陣列天線,仿真和測試結(jié)果驗證了該方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:Compared with low frequency band, millimeter wave band (30~300GHz) has many advantages, such as wide frequency band, small structure size, good communication security, high target recognition resolution and so on. The atmospheric attenuation in W band (75~110GHz), especially in the vicinity of 94 GHz frequency, is minimum and suitable for point-to-point communication. It is a hot working frequency band chosen by ground-based radar and air-to-air missile. However, with the increase of frequency, the dielectric loss and ohmic loss are higher. Traditional planar transmission lines such as microstrip lines are not suitable for W band. Substrate integrated waveguide (Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW) has been widely used in millimeter wave plane circuits. In some special applications, it is required that the received signal has a high SNR to reduce the external interference. In order to reduce the noise of the received signal, reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna pattern is one of the most effective methods. However, the design and implementation of low sidelobe antenna array is very difficult because of the short wavelength of W band and the high precision of antenna design and processing. Many of the original design methods of low and low sidelobe array antenna in low frequency band are not suitable for W band low sidelobe array design. At present, there are few researches on W band low sidelobe array antenna. In view of the difficult design of W-band low-sidelobe array antenna, this paper studies the W-band low-sidelobe array antenna based on SIW transmission line, including the following aspects: first, The characteristics of a single SIW slot antenna working in the W band are studied, and the admittance parameters of the isolated slot under different offset and length conditions are extracted. Based on this, the low sidelobe design method for H plane of SIW slot array antenna is studied. The antenna with a low sidelobe array size of 1 脳 32 on H plane is optimized and simulated. At the same time, in order to realize the low sidelobe characteristics of antenna array on E plane, the unequal power divider with comb-like and tree-like phase balance is studied. Because the comb-like power divider and the traditional tree power divider design method is no longer applicable in the W band, in order to solve this problem, a new phase balance unequal power divider is proposed, the application of the unequal power divider is not limited by the frequency. In order to reduce the size, a waveguide-substrate integrated waveguide hybrid integrated E-plane power divider is proposed and designed. Finally, an optimized SIW slot array antenna working at 93H 95GHz with 16 脳 32e and H sidelobe as 20dB is optimized and fabricated. The simulation and test results are in good agreement with each other. Then, in view of the difficult design of low sidelobe in circular polarization array antenna, combined with the characteristic that flat plate slot antenna is easy to realize multi-polarization common aperture, the low sidelobe design of two orthogonal linear polarization planar slot array antenna is carried out. The low sidelobe characteristics of the pattern on two orthogonal surfaces of a circular polarized antenna are realized, and the corresponding design principles are given. Based on this, a common aperture dual-circularly polarized low-sidelobe SIW flat slot array antenna working in 93.5~94.5GHz is designed. The simulation and test results verify the feasibility of this method.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN820.15

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本文編號：2267535