【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是由部署在特定監(jiān)測區(qū)域的傳感器節(jié)點,通過自組織方式構(gòu)成的一種通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),能夠采集環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)信息、實時監(jiān)控所控對象信息,并對采集的信息進行處理,通過無線協(xié)議傳送給管理人員。在實際應(yīng)用中,采集信息的節(jié)點常被置于偏遠或者環(huán)境惡劣的區(qū)域,若采用干電池供電,供給能量或更換電池都將會消耗大量成本和人力資源。因此,如何延長整個無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命就顯得非常重要。能量采集技術(shù)可以使無線傳感節(jié)點脫離化學(xué)電池容量的限制,通過均衡布局能量采集節(jié)點的優(yōu)化,在一定程度上可延長網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命,然而環(huán)境能量采集的不確定性可能導(dǎo)致能量采集節(jié)點的能量供應(yīng)不穩(wěn)定,使網(wǎng)絡(luò)的吞吐量和穩(wěn)定性受到影響。為了讓能量采集無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)更充分地利用環(huán)境能量,并提高吞吐量和穩(wěn)定性,文中提出了帶重復(fù)性檢測的自適應(yīng)機會路由算法。算法根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)條件對節(jié)點進行區(qū)域劃分,再考慮可用能量程度分配傳輸優(yōu)先級,進行優(yōu)化路由處理,確保環(huán)境能量采集節(jié)點對環(huán)境能量的高效利用。針對能量采集無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的經(jīng)典算法GR-DD和EHOR,深入研究其功能機制,找出其算法在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中運行時存在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量與穩(wěn)定性上的問題。針對存在的問題,將這兩種算法進行適當(dāng)?shù)娜诤?并引入了周期性偵聽／睡眠、重復(fù)性避免等措施對算法進行改進,形成新的算法ORCSA-DD。本文對三種算法的網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量和穩(wěn)定性進行了理論分析,并通過NS2仿真,對這三種路由算法的網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量和穩(wěn)定性進行更進一步的比較。仿真分析結(jié)果表明,由于改進后的ORCSA-DD算法在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的狀態(tài)、節(jié)點的能量處理和路由選擇上比GR-DD和EHOR考慮更加全面,該算法在提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量和穩(wěn)定性方面都有很大的改善,算法對比GR-DD算法和EHOR算法表現(xiàn)了更高的網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量和更好的穩(wěn)定性,尤其當(dāng)能量采集節(jié)點在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的數(shù)量相對較多的時候,改進效果更加明顯。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a kind of communication network which is composed of sensor nodes deployed in a specific monitoring area. It can collect environmental data information, monitor the information of controlled objects in real time, and process the collected information. It is transmitted to the administrator via wireless protocol. In practical applications, nodes that collect information are often placed in remote or harsh areas. If dry batteries are used to supply energy or replace batteries, a large amount of cost and human resources will be consumed. Therefore, how to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor network is very important. Energy acquisition technology can make wireless sensor nodes get rid of the limitation of chemical battery capacity. By optimizing the balanced layout of energy acquisition nodes, the network life can be extended to a certain extent. However, the uncertainty of environmental energy acquisition may lead to the instability of energy supply of energy acquisition nodes, which will affect the throughput and stability of the network. In order to make the energy acquisition wireless sensor networks make full use of the environment energy and improve the throughput and stability, an adaptive opportunistic routing algorithm with repeatability detection is proposed in this paper. The algorithm divides the nodes according to the network conditions, and then considers the degree of available energy to allocate the priority of transmission, and optimizes the routing process to ensure the efficient use of environmental energy in environmental energy collection nodes. The functional mechanism of the classical algorithms GR-DD and EHOR, in energy acquisition wireless sensor networks is studied in detail, and the problems of throughput and stability of their algorithms are found out when they are running in the network. Aiming at the existing problems, the two algorithms are fused properly, and the periodic listening / sleeping and repetition avoidance are introduced to improve the algorithm to form a new algorithm ORCSA-DD.. In this paper, the network throughput and stability of the three algorithms are theoretically analyzed, and the network throughput and stability of the three routing algorithms are further compared by NS2 simulation. Simulation results show that the improved ORCSA-DD algorithm is more comprehensive in energy processing and routing than GR-DD and EHOR in the state of the network. The algorithm improves the throughput and stability of the network greatly. Compared with GR-DD algorithm and EHOR algorithm, the algorithm shows higher throughput and better stability, especially when the number of energy acquisition nodes in the network is relatively large, the improvement effect is more obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9
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本文編號：2236765