【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是以傳感器技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)、計算機技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù),在軍事、農(nóng)業(yè)、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、工業(yè)、智能交通、建筑物監(jiān)測、空間探索等領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景和巨大的應(yīng)用價值,被認為是未來改變世界的十大技術(shù)之一。同時,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)也是能量嚴(yán)重受限的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。由于傳感器節(jié)點的能量有限,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由、數(shù)據(jù)融合、定位和時間同步等研究都要考慮到節(jié)點的剩余能量。節(jié)點的剩余能量可以通過能耗模型計算得出,能耗模型是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究重點之一。在能量有限的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,對無線傳感器節(jié)點能量消耗的監(jiān)測非常重要,無線傳感器節(jié)點的能耗模型是能耗監(jiān)測的理論基礎(chǔ)。以農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉系統(tǒng)為例,對農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,提出了面向農(nóng)業(yè)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點設(shè)計、部署設(shè)計、路由設(shè)計和控制端設(shè)計。并針對路由節(jié)點異常問題,提出了一種面向農(nóng)業(yè)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由恢復(fù)算法。在能耗模型研究方面,針對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點硬件的模塊劃分,尤其針對處理器、模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器和存儲器等模塊,改進了現(xiàn)有的無線傳感器節(jié)點能耗模型。根據(jù)能耗模型設(shè)計了TinyOS2.x的能耗計算組件,能耗計算組件基于參數(shù)化方案設(shè)計,能夠支持多種類型傳感器節(jié)點的能量監(jiān)測�，F(xiàn)有的TinyOS2.x仿真工具TOSSIM只能在字符界面中進行無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真,必須根據(jù)字符界面的消息獲知節(jié)點的運行情況。并且TOSSIM還不具備對節(jié)點能量監(jiān)測的功能。為了改進現(xiàn)有TOSSIM的不足,根據(jù)改進的能耗模型,提出了一種無線傳感器節(jié)點的剩余能量計算算法。根據(jù)剩余能量計算算法,設(shè)計了可計算節(jié)點剩余能量的TinyOS2.x剩余能量計算組件和傳感器節(jié)點應(yīng)用程序,并通過Qt軟件開發(fā)技術(shù)設(shè)計了圖形化仿真軟件。圖形化仿真軟件通過讀取傳感器節(jié)點應(yīng)用程序消息獲得節(jié)點的信息,并在無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真過程中顯示各個傳感器節(jié)點的通信和剩余能量情況。對面向農(nóng)業(yè)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由恢復(fù)算法和動態(tài)源路由算法分別進行仿真。仿真結(jié)果表明,在路由恢復(fù)過程中,面向農(nóng)業(yè)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由恢復(fù)算法通信數(shù)據(jù)包數(shù)量比動態(tài)源路由算法更少,可以降低節(jié)點的通信能耗。為了驗證能耗模型,在TinyOS2.0的上實現(xiàn)無線傳感器節(jié)點能耗仿真功能。同時,在仿真平臺和真實硬件平臺上進行能耗數(shù)據(jù)采集,通過仿真與實測數(shù)據(jù)對比,說明了能耗模型的有效性。對圖形化仿真軟件進行測試驗證,測試表明圖形化仿真軟件可以直觀、準(zhǔn)確的對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行仿真。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network is a modern information technology based on sensor technology, communication technology, computer technology, in military, agriculture, environmental monitoring, medical and health, industry, intelligent transportation, building monitoring, Space exploration and other fields have broad application prospects and great application value, and are considered to be one of the ten technologies that will change the world in the future. At the same time, wireless sensor networks are also severely limited energy networks. Due to the limited energy of sensor nodes, the research on routing, data fusion, location and time synchronization of wireless sensor networks should take into account the residual energy of nodes. The residual energy of nodes can be calculated by energy consumption model, which is one of the key research points in wireless sensor networks. In wireless sensor networks with limited energy, it is very important to monitor the energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes. The energy consumption model of wireless sensor nodes is the theoretical basis of energy consumption monitoring. Taking the agricultural irrigation system as an example, the design of the node, deployment, routing and control terminal of the wireless sensor network for agriculture is proposed. Aiming at the problem of routing node anomaly, an agri-oriented routing recovery algorithm for wireless sensor networks is proposed. In the research of energy consumption model, the existing energy consumption model of wireless sensor nodes is improved, especially for the modules of processor, A / D converter and memory. According to the energy consumption model, the energy consumption calculation module of TinyOS2.x is designed, which is based on parameterized scheme design and can support the energy monitoring of various sensor nodes. The existing TinyOS2.x simulation tool TOSSIM can only simulate the wireless sensor network in the character interface and must know the running condition of the node according to the message of the character interface. Moreover, TOSSIM does not have the function of monitoring node energy. In order to improve the shortcomings of the existing TOSSIM, an algorithm for calculating the residual energy of wireless sensor nodes is proposed according to the improved energy consumption model. According to the residual energy calculation algorithm, the TinyOS2.x residual energy computing module and sensor node application program are designed, and the graphical simulation software is designed by Qt software development technology. The graphical simulation software obtains the node information by reading the message of sensor node application program, and displays the communication and residual energy of each sensor node in the simulation process of wireless sensor network. The routing recovery algorithms and dynamic source routing algorithms for agricultural wireless sensor networks are simulated. The simulation results show that the number of communication packets in agricultural wireless sensor network routing recovery algorithm is less than that of dynamic source routing algorithm, which can reduce the communication energy consumption of nodes. In order to verify the energy consumption model, the energy consumption simulation function of wireless sensor nodes is implemented on TinyOS2.0. At the same time, the energy consumption data is collected on the simulation platform and the real hardware platform. The validity of the energy consumption model is illustrated by comparing the simulation data with the measured data. The graphical simulation software is tested and verified. The test results show that the graphical simulation software can be used to simulate wireless sensor networks intuitively and accurately.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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