本文選題：傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 負(fù)載平衡��； 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)多跳中繼通信的工作方式容易導(dǎo)致通信負(fù)荷集中在匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)附近的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)中,導(dǎo)致這些節(jié)點(diǎn)能量消耗更快,形成通信熱點(diǎn),這個(gè)問(wèn)題稱為通信負(fù)載不平衡問(wèn)題。窄長(zhǎng)鏈狀傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)部署呈窄長(zhǎng)鏈狀形式的的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),由于其特殊的結(jié)構(gòu),使其相對(duì)于常規(guī)的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)更容易導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)集中在部分節(jié)點(diǎn)造成通信負(fù)載不均衡,也更容易由部分節(jié)點(diǎn)耗盡能量引發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中斷,使得兼顧能量效率的負(fù)載平衡問(wèn)題成為困擾窄長(zhǎng)鏈狀傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用的核心難題。為了解決上述難題,本文以節(jié)點(diǎn)部署策略和配套路由算法為核心解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題:多個(gè)移動(dòng)匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)中間層被引入,按照規(guī)劃靜止和行駛。在窄長(zhǎng)鏈狀部署的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)和移動(dòng)匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,動(dòng)態(tài)分簇路由算法被提出,以實(shí)現(xiàn)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)之間和移動(dòng)匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的通信負(fù)荷平衡,負(fù)載均衡并不以犧牲通信能量效率為代價(jià),通信能量效率依然保持在較高的水平。傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分簇常常也會(huì)帶來(lái)客觀的成本,它包括簇首節(jié)點(diǎn)廣播自身位置,簇成員接收信息,判斷歸屬再反饋信息給簇首節(jié)點(diǎn)。在本文提出的方案中,所有傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在自身內(nèi)部的算法自動(dòng)組網(wǎng),無(wú)需分簇信息的廣播,僅有極少的時(shí)間同步信息即可保證動(dòng)態(tài)分簇的實(shí)現(xiàn)。相對(duì)于動(dòng)態(tài)分簇,時(shí)間同步每隔很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間才需要,這大大降低了建簇能量成本,同時(shí)還提高了建簇速度。為了驗(yàn)證該方案的有效性,本文從入侵監(jiān)測(cè)的環(huán)形柵欄覆蓋傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)、用于管道監(jiān)測(cè)的線型鏈狀傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)這兩種典型的窄長(zhǎng)鏈狀傳感器入手分析方案的效果,網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗仿真結(jié)果證明,該方案實(shí)現(xiàn)了傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的通信能量高效和負(fù)載均衡。除此之外,以確定性部署為基礎(chǔ)實(shí)現(xiàn)了低成本高質(zhì)量節(jié)點(diǎn)定位;通過(guò)對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行參量定義,基站可以從接收信息中判斷參與通信的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)及其能耗,使得方案可以進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用于事件驅(qū)動(dòng)和詢問(wèn)驅(qū)動(dòng)的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò);網(wǎng)絡(luò)還可以動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整分簇比例等方法,提高自身抗毀性和對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性。
[Abstract]:The mode of multi-hop relay communication in sensor networks easily leads to the communication load concentrated in the sensor nodes near the convergent nodes, which leads to the faster energy consumption of these nodes and the formation of communication hot spots. This problem is called the problem of communication load imbalance. Narrow long chain sensor network is a kind of sensor network in which sensor nodes are deployed in narrow long chain form. Because of its special structure, Compared with conventional sensor networks, it is easier to cause data forwarding to focus on some nodes and cause communication load imbalance, and it is also easier to cause network disruption by some nodes running out of energy. Therefore, load balancing with energy efficiency is the core problem for narrow long chain sensor networks. In order to solve the above problems, this paper focuses on the node deployment strategy and the matching routing algorithm: multiple mobile convergence nodes are introduced as the intermediate layer of the network, and they are stationary and driving according to the plan. Based on the narrow long chain deployed sensor nodes and mobile convergence nodes, a dynamic clustering routing algorithm is proposed to balance the communication load between sensor nodes and mobile convergence nodes. Load balancing is not at the expense of communication energy efficiency, which remains at a higher level. The clustering of sensor networks often brings the objective cost, which includes broadcasting the location of the cluster head node, receiving the information from the cluster member, judging the home and feedback information to the cluster head node. In the scheme proposed in this paper, all sensor nodes automatically network according to the algorithm stored in their own, without the broadcast of clustering information, only a little time synchronization information can ensure the realization of dynamic clustering. Compared with dynamic clustering, time synchronization is needed every long time, which greatly reduces the energy cost and improves the speed of cluster building. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, this paper analyzes the effects of the two typical narrow and long chain sensor networks, namely, the ring fence covering sensor network for intrusion detection and the linear chain sensor network for pipeline monitoring. The simulation results of network energy consumption show that the proposed scheme achieves communication energy efficiency and load balancing of sensor networks. In addition, on the basis of deterministic deployment, the location of nodes with low cost and high quality is realized. By defining the parameters of nodes, the base station can judge the sensor nodes involved in the communication and their energy consumption from the received information. The scheme can be further applied to event-driven and interrogation-driven sensor networks, and the network can dynamically adjust the clustering ratio to improve its own invulnerability and adaptability to the environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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