本文選題：智能傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 智能傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)�。� 參考：《南京理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展和科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)生活時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來,家庭智能化、物業(yè)管理現(xiàn)代化和社區(qū)服務(wù)信息化已成為發(fā)展趨勢,智能安防的出現(xiàn)成為必然。本文針對室外遠(yuǎn)場環(huán)境,采用小型傳聲器陣列構(gòu)成的測向系統(tǒng)作為智能傳感節(jié)點(diǎn),為智能傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)對聲源位置的定位打下基礎(chǔ)。智能聲傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)采用分布式結(jié)構(gòu),具有成本低廉、部署簡便靈活、精確度高等優(yōu)越性能,可用于室外監(jiān)控等方面。本文研究的測向系統(tǒng)包含三個部分,分別為傳感、處理、通信部分,可實(shí)現(xiàn)對聲音信號的采集、分離和聲源位置測向等功能。其制成的智能傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)外圍有金屬材料做成的封裝外殼保護(hù)內(nèi)部電路,可以在惡劣環(huán)境、天氣下代替人工對室外環(huán)境進(jìn)行長時(shí)間的監(jiān)控。在智能聲傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)中,考慮到環(huán)境監(jiān)測無需實(shí)時(shí)處理,本文對所監(jiān)測的聲音信號采用斷續(xù)實(shí)時(shí)處理模式。受系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)小型化、處理器的運(yùn)算性能等方面的限制,節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)處理量不能太大,需要在時(shí)間限制內(nèi)完成計(jì)算任務(wù)。采用聲音活動性檢測(VAD)與廣義互相關(guān)(GCC)相結(jié)合的方式,在節(jié)點(diǎn)處理器上對采集到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行聲音活動性檢測截取出有效信號段,然后利用算法PHAT-GCC進(jìn)行測向估計(jì),后臺可綜合多個節(jié)點(diǎn)的測向結(jié)果最終實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合定位。這種利用單節(jié)點(diǎn)測向、多節(jié)點(diǎn)定位的方式,減少了在節(jié)點(diǎn)上的處理量及在傳輸上的通信帶寬。在單節(jié)點(diǎn)的測向過程中,節(jié)點(diǎn)由于受到結(jié)構(gòu)小型化及其封裝外殼的影響,在遠(yuǎn)場環(huán)境下得到的實(shí)際聲源測向結(jié)果存在一定的偏差。文章基于上述問題做了多種實(shí)驗(yàn)并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,從中找出對誤差的補(bǔ)償方法,提高小型智能傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)的測向準(zhǔn)確度,為智能傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在聲源定位的實(shí)用化進(jìn)程方向上做了鋪墊。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the era of digital network life has arrived, the family intelligence, the property management modernization and the community service information have become the development trend, the appearance of intelligent security has become inevitable. In this paper, a direction finding system composed of a small microphone array is used as an intelligent sensor node to lay a foundation for the location of sound source in an intelligent sensor network. The intelligent acoustic sensor network has the advantages of low cost, simple and flexible deployment, high precision and so on. It can be used in outdoor monitoring and control. The direction-finding system in this paper consists of three parts: sensing, processing and communication, which can realize the functions of sound signal acquisition, separation and sound source position direction finding. The intelligent sensor node has a metal encapsulated shell to protect the inner circuit, which can monitor the outdoor environment for a long time instead of manual in the bad environment and weather. In the network structure of intelligent acoustic sensor, considering that the environment monitoring does not need real-time processing, this paper adopts the intermittent real-time processing mode for the monitored sound signal. Limited by the miniaturization of the system structure and the computational performance of the processor, the data processing capacity of the node can not be too large, so it is necessary to complete the computing task within the time limit. Based on the combination of acoustic activity detection (VAD) and generalized cross correlation (GCC), the effective signal segment is intercepted from the collected data on the node processor, and then the direction finding is estimated by using the algorithm PHAT-GCC. The backstage can synthesize the result of direction finding of many nodes and finally realize the joint positioning. By using single node direction finding and multi-node location, the processing capacity on the node and the communication bandwidth on the transmission are reduced. In the process of single node direction finding, due to the influence of the miniaturization of the structure and the encapsulation of the shell, the actual sound source direction finding results obtained in the far field environment have a certain deviation. Based on the above problems, this paper makes a variety of experiments and analyzes the results, and finds out the compensation method for the error, and improves the accuracy of the small intelligent sensor node. It lays the groundwork for the practical orientation of sound source location in intelligent sensor networks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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