本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 能量均衡　； 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到物聯(lián)網(wǎng)再到如今“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”概念的提出,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSNs,Wireless Sensor Networks),憑借其低成本、組網(wǎng)靈活、部署便捷等優(yōu)勢成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要分支。近年來,學(xué)者們針對不同的應(yīng)用場景設(shè)計了許多新穎的路由協(xié)議,但是節(jié)點能量有限,尤其是密集區(qū)域內(nèi)簇頭節(jié)點負載不均、能耗較大,導(dǎo)致整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗不均、壽命較短。針對這些問題,本文提出了基于和聲搜索算法(HSA,Harmony Search Algorithm)的分簇路由協(xié)議(HBCE)。該協(xié)議基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)分區(qū)、單獨成簇的思想來均衡監(jiān)測區(qū)域內(nèi)簇頭節(jié)點的負載。具體地,本方案首先將區(qū)域進行分區(qū),然后使用HSA選出若干最佳節(jié)點輪流擔(dān)當(dāng)簇頭,以此來均衡WSNs中各節(jié)點的能量消耗。另外,本文將傳統(tǒng)的WSNs組網(wǎng)技術(shù)與流行的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)進行結(jié)合,以環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)為應(yīng)用案例,設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了基于HBCE路由協(xié)議的環(huán)境監(jiān)測原型系統(tǒng)。首先,該系統(tǒng)利用WSNs中的傳感器采集環(huán)境信息,數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)由網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送到基站;然后與基站相連的XServer將環(huán)境信息經(jīng)過處理之后存入數(shù)據(jù)庫并對外發(fā)布;最后,移動終端設(shè)備與XServer進行通信交換信息和命令,進而實現(xiàn)對環(huán)境的監(jiān)控。本文的主要貢獻如下:1.文章對相關(guān)工作進行了詳盡地分析,首先介紹了WSNs的結(jié)構(gòu)、特點以及協(xié)議棧的組成結(jié)構(gòu);在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了WSNs路由協(xié)議的特點以及分簇路由協(xié)議對比于平面路由協(xié)議的優(yōu)勢;重點研究了WSNs中分簇路由協(xié)議,并歸納總結(jié)出現(xiàn)有的幾種經(jīng)典分簇路由協(xié)議的優(yōu)缺點。在分析的基礎(chǔ),深入探討了路由協(xié)議在WSNs中的重要作用。2.針對分簇類WSNs在組網(wǎng)過程中易導(dǎo)致簇頭負載不均、簇頭能量消耗過快的問題,本文提出了基于HSA的分簇路由算法HBCE。首先,根據(jù)簇中期望的簇頭個數(shù)對監(jiān)控區(qū)域進行均勻分區(qū);其次根據(jù)每個分區(qū)中節(jié)點的個數(shù)對分區(qū)大小進行調(diào)整,使得每個分區(qū)中的節(jié)點個數(shù)固定在網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi),每個分簇獨立成簇;最后在每個分區(qū)中利用HSA算法選擇前K個最佳簇頭節(jié)點輪流擔(dān)當(dāng)該分區(qū)的簇頭結(jié)點并執(zhí)行節(jié)點數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)任務(wù)。本算法在簇頭選擇的過程中綜合考慮了備選節(jié)點的能量、與基站通信距離以及簇內(nèi)節(jié)點與簇頭的平均距離等因素。進而實現(xiàn)WSNs網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點能量的高效利用,降低同一簇頭節(jié)點的能量消耗,有效延長了網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存時間。3.基于本文所提出的基于能量均衡的HBCE協(xié)議,并采用嵌入式開發(fā)以及Android程序開發(fā)技術(shù),本文設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了基于HBCE協(xié)議的環(huán)境監(jiān)測原型系統(tǒng)。依托于TinyOS平臺在MPR2400節(jié)點上實現(xiàn)了HBCE協(xié)議,與現(xiàn)有路由協(xié)議相比,HBCE協(xié)議能將監(jiān)控區(qū)域中采集的信息更高效地傳遞到基站,從而均衡整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗;最后,本文利用Eclipse工具,設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了基于Android系統(tǒng)的個性化環(huán)境監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)交互界面。
[Abstract]:From the Internet to the Internet of things and then to today "Internet plus" concept of the wireless sensor network (WSNs Wireless, Sensor Networks), with its low cost, flexible networking, convenient deployment and other advantages become an important branch of the development of the Internet industry. In recent years, scholars have designed many novel needle routing protocols for different application scenarios the However, the node energy is limited, especially the cluster head nodes in the dense area are unevenly loaded, and the energy consumption is large, which leads to the uneven energy consumption of the whole network. In this paper, a cluster routing protocol (HBCE) based on HSA (Harmony Search Algorithm) is proposed in this paper. The protocol is based on the network partition and the idea of single cluster. In order to balance the load of cluster head nodes in the area, the region is partitioned first, and then HSA selects some best nodes to take turns to take on the cluster head, in order to balance the energy consumption of each node in WSNs. In addition, this paper combines the traditional WSNs networking technology with the Internet of things in the stream line to monitor the environmental monitoring system. As an application case, an environment monitoring prototype system based on HBCE routing protocol is designed and implemented. First, the system uses sensors in the WSNs to collect environmental information and transmit data to the base station via the network. Then, the XServer connected to the base station is stored in the database after processing the environment information and released to the outside world; finally, the mobile terminal is set up. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: 1. the main contributions of this paper are as follows: 1. the article analyzes the related work in detail. First, we introduce the structure of WSNs, the characteristics and the structure of the protocol stack. On this basis, the characteristics of the WSNs routing protocol and the cluster routing protocol are analyzed. Compared with the advantages of the plane routing protocol, we focus on the cluster routing protocols in WSNs, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of some classic cluster routing protocols. In the analysis, the important role of the routing protocol in WSNs is discussed in depth,.2. is easy to cause the cluster head load uneven and the energy dissipation of cluster heads in the process of networking. In this paper, the HSA based clustering routing algorithm (HBCE.) is proposed, first of all, according to the number of cluster heads expected in the cluster. Secondly, the number of nodes in each partition is adjusted according to the number of nodes in each partition, so that the number of nodes in each partition is fixed in the range specified in the network, each cluster is single. Finally, in each partition, the best cluster head nodes of K are used to rotate the cluster head node of the partition and carry out the forwarding task of the node data in each partition. In this algorithm, the energy of the alternative nodes, the distance to the base station and the average distance between the cluster head and the cluster head are taken into consideration in the cluster head selection process. Furthermore, the efficient utilization of node energy in WSNs network is realized, the energy consumption of the same cluster head nodes is reduced, and the network survival time.3. is effectively extended based on the HBCE protocol based on the energy balance proposed in this paper. The embedded development and the Android program development technology are adopted. This paper designs and implements the environment monitoring original based on the HBCE protocol. Based on the TinyOS platform, the HBCE protocol is implemented on the MPR2400 node. Compared with the existing routing protocol, the HBCE protocol can transfer the information collected in the monitored area to the base station more efficiently, and then balance the energy consumption of the whole network. Finally, this paper uses the Eclipse tool to design and implement the personalized environmental monitoring based on the Android system. System interaction interface.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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