本文選題：激光雷達(dá) + 相干探測(cè)�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,小型飛行器在軍用及民用領(lǐng)域扮演著越來越重要的角色,如果能夠研制出小型化、遠(yuǎn)距離探測(cè)、高分辨率的激光雷達(dá)將會(huì)進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)小型飛行器的發(fā)展。本文研究方案為對(duì)長(zhǎng)脈沖激光進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度線性調(diào)頻,接收端采用相干探測(cè),采集后的信號(hào)進(jìn)行脈沖壓縮處理。從仿真分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證兩方面對(duì)該方案同時(shí)增加探測(cè)距離和提高距離分辨率進(jìn)行了初步驗(yàn)證。首先,在對(duì)比分析國(guó)內(nèi)外各科研機(jī)構(gòu)在相干激光雷達(dá)及激光雷達(dá)波形調(diào)制方面研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)線性調(diào)頻信號(hào)的頻譜和時(shí)頻譜、匹配濾波的調(diào)制帶寬與脈沖壓縮寬度及抗噪聲能力進(jìn)行了仿真分析;討論了應(yīng)用匹配濾波方法時(shí)如何計(jì)算距離及由此導(dǎo)致的誤差;根據(jù)相干探測(cè)基本理論,對(duì)幅度線性調(diào)頻激光信號(hào)的相干探測(cè)進(jìn)行了理論推導(dǎo)。其次,為了解決在進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)探測(cè)時(shí)采用匹配濾波進(jìn)行脈沖壓縮會(huì)造成強(qiáng)反射物體距離旁瓣太高而引起臨近弱目標(biāo)無法識(shí)別的問題,對(duì)不同壓縮比信號(hào)使用7種不同窗函數(shù),詳細(xì)討論了探測(cè)目標(biāo)的主旁瓣比及脈沖壓縮寬度;對(duì)不同回波強(qiáng)度的多目標(biāo)分別采用匹配濾波,加窗處理,基于LS的脈沖壓縮和基于RMMSE的自適應(yīng)脈沖壓縮進(jìn)行信號(hào)處理,并從不同角度分析了這4種方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。最后,搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,對(duì)線性調(diào)頻相干激光探測(cè)技術(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示調(diào)制帶寬為5 MHz,脈沖寬度為500μs的發(fā)射信號(hào),經(jīng)過相干探測(cè)及匹配濾波后信號(hào)的主旁瓣比為12.71 dB,脈沖壓縮后的寬度為183.2 ns,脈沖壓縮比為2729。證實(shí)了采用線性調(diào)頻強(qiáng)度調(diào)制信號(hào)進(jìn)行脈沖壓縮,采用相干探測(cè)進(jìn)行接收能夠提高距離分辨率。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, small aircraft play an increasingly important role in military and civil fields. If miniaturization, long-range detection and high-resolution lidar can be developed, the development of small aircraft will be further promoted. The scheme of this paper is to carry out intensity linear frequency modulation (LFM) of long pulse laser. Coherent detection is used at the receiving end and the collected signal is processed by pulse compression. Both simulation analysis and experimental verification are used to verify the proposed scheme, which increases both the detection range and the range resolution. First of all, on the basis of comparing and analyzing the research results of coherent lidar and laser radar waveform modulation, the frequency spectrum and time spectrum of LFM signal are analyzed. The modulation bandwidth, pulse compression width and anti-noise ability of matched filtering are simulated and analyzed, and how to calculate the distance and the resulting errors when applying the matched filtering method is discussed. The coherent detection of amplitude LFM laser signal is theoretically deduced. Secondly, in order to solve the problem that pulse compression by using matched filter in multi-target detection will cause the high distance sidelobe of strong reflected object and lead to unrecognizable near weak target, seven different window functions are used for signals with different compression ratios. The main sidelobe ratio and pulse compression width of the detected target are discussed in detail, and the matched filter, windowed processing, LS based pulse compression and adaptive pulse compression based on RMMSE are used to process the signal for the multiple targets with different echo intensity. The advantages and disadvantages of these four methods are analyzed from different angles. Finally, an experimental device is built to verify the LFM coherent laser detection technology. The experimental results show that the modulation bandwidth is 5 MHz and the pulse width is 500 渭 s. After coherent detection and matched filtering, the main sidelobe ratio of the signal is 12.71 dB, the width of pulse compression is 183.2 ns, and the pulse compression ratio is 2729. It is proved that the range resolution can be improved by pulse compression using LFM signal and receiving by coherent detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.51

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