本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 穹頂形巷道　； 參考：《江西理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國礦山資源豐富,但生產(chǎn)事故時有發(fā)生,直接導(dǎo)致了難以估計的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和井下開采人員傷亡。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)具有成本低廉、功耗小、可信度高、節(jié)點(diǎn)簡單易安裝等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被廣泛應(yīng)用于監(jiān)測巷道環(huán)境變化。礦井WSN的覆蓋、連通性是需要解決的基本問題,高效的節(jié)點(diǎn)部署是保證WSN覆蓋、連通性的前提,性能優(yōu)越的固定節(jié)點(diǎn)部署模式能夠更好的覆蓋監(jiān)測區(qū)域,從而獲取到更加精確監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),也為節(jié)點(diǎn)精確定位提供可靠的保障。井下WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)精確定位可及時獲取事件發(fā)生的地理信息,為礦井安全開采和災(zāi)后人員營救提供可靠保障,但目前的算法精度不是很高,有必要研究和設(shè)計出適合礦井巷道空間WSN的精確算法。本文為解決井下WSN的節(jié)點(diǎn)最佳部署位置和精確定位問題,開展以下三個方面的研究:(1)針對井下巷道三維WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)最優(yōu)部署問題進(jìn)行研究,在充分調(diào)查礦井幾何構(gòu)建方式后,抽象出巷道穹頂形模型,分析出穹頂形巷道WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)多種可靠的無縫覆蓋放置方式,并研究了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通覆蓋性,求出了不同部署方式下巷道三維空間滿足k-覆蓋(k(28)1,2)時截面的最大水平間距以及達(dá)到k-連通(k(28)2,3)時傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)通信半徑大小、感應(yīng)半徑大小、礦井巷道空間尺寸之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系。通過仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證和比較了所提出的幾種節(jié)點(diǎn)放置方式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能,給出了最優(yōu)的節(jié)點(diǎn)放置方式,有效提高了井下巷道空間節(jié)點(diǎn)的部署效率。(2)針對WSN井下巷道空間災(zāi)害監(jiān)測信息系統(tǒng),提出一種采用礦井三維建模WSN多重覆蓋算法和RSSI的加權(quán)質(zhì)心定位算法。根據(jù)礦井巷道的幾何結(jié)構(gòu),將礦井建模成規(guī)則的拱形模型,建立起一種巷道固定節(jié)點(diǎn)無縫覆蓋部署模型,并且推導(dǎo)出滿足多重覆蓋目的時節(jié)點(diǎn)在巷道中放置的最大水平距離。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種利用節(jié)點(diǎn)RSSI值求出加權(quán)系數(shù)對質(zhì)心坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行加權(quán)處理的方法。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明改進(jìn)的質(zhì)心算法有效地減少了誤差,并且過程簡單,適用于礦井環(huán)境。(3)為了減少經(jīng)典DV-Hop算法計算未知節(jié)點(diǎn)位置時產(chǎn)生的較大誤差,提出了一種基于節(jié)點(diǎn)RSSI值與臨界RSSI比例跳數(shù)修正和跳距重估的DV-Hop算法。通過采用引入臨界RSSI比,均衡系數(shù)和對跳距進(jìn)行重估的計算方式來進(jìn)一步對跳數(shù)和跳距進(jìn)行修正。理論推導(dǎo)和仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本論文提出的幾種穹頂形巷道固定節(jié)點(diǎn)最優(yōu)部署模型在達(dá)到全覆蓋時能保障井下WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)間可靠的連接性,改進(jìn)的定位算法提高了節(jié)點(diǎn)的定位精度。提出的方法和算法能確保實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜礦井巷道環(huán)境的可靠的信息監(jiān)測和高精度的節(jié)點(diǎn)定位。
[Abstract]:China is rich in mine resources, but production accidents occur from time to time, which directly leads to difficult to estimate the economic losses and casualties of underground mining personnel. Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is widely used in monitoring roadway environment change with the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, high reliability, simple node installation and so on. The coverage and connectivity of mine WSN is the basic problem to be solved. Efficient node deployment is the prerequisite to ensure WSN coverage and connectivity. The fixed node deployment mode with superior performance can better cover the monitoring area. Thus obtain more accurate monitoring data, but also provide reliable protection for the precise location of nodes. The accurate location of underground WSN nodes can obtain the geographic information of events in time and provide reliable guarantee for mine safety mining and personnel rescue after disasters, but the accuracy of the present algorithm is not very high. It is necessary to study and design an accurate WSN algorithm suitable for mine roadway space. In this paper, in order to solve the problem of optimal location and precise location of WSN nodes in underground mine, the following three aspects of research are carried out: 1) the optimal deployment of 3D WSN nodes in underground roadways is studied. Abstract the tunnel dome model, analyze several reliable and seamless cover placement methods of domed roadway WSN nodes, and study the connectivity coverage of the network. The maximum horizontal spacing of the cross section and the relationship between the communication radius of sensor node, the size of induction radius and the space size of mine roadway are obtained when the three dimensional space of roadway satisfies k- overlay K281 / 2) and the sensor node communication radius, inductive radius and space size of mine roadway are obtained under different deployment modes. The network performance of several node placement methods is verified and compared by simulation experiments, and the optimal node placement mode is given. In view of WSN underground tunnel spatial disaster monitoring information system, this paper presents a weighted centroid location algorithm based on WSN multi-cover algorithm and RSSI for mine 3D modeling. According to the geometric structure of mine roadway, the mine is modeled as a regular arch model, and a model of seamless coverage and deployment of fixed nodes in roadway is established, and the maximum horizontal distance of nodes placed in the roadway is deduced when the purpose of multiple coverage is satisfied. On the basis of this, a method of weighting the coordinate of mass center by calculating the weighted coefficient by using the RSSI value of the node is put forward. The experimental results show that the improved centroid algorithm can effectively reduce the error, and the process is simple and suitable for mine environment. In this paper, a new DV-Hop algorithm based on the ratio of RSSI and critical RSSI is proposed to correct the number of hops and reestimate the hops. The number of hops and the hops are further modified by introducing the critical RSSI ratio, the equalization coefficient and the reestimation of the hops. The theoretical derivation and simulation results show that the optimal deployment model of fixed nodes in the dome roadway can guarantee the reliable connectivity between WSN nodes in the downhole when it reaches full coverage. The improved localization algorithm improves the location accuracy of nodes. The proposed method and algorithm can ensure reliable information monitoring and high precision node location in complex mine roadway environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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