本文選題：基站天線 + 電磁偶極子　； 參考：《南京郵電大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：基站天線是無線通信系統(tǒng)射頻前端的關(guān)鍵部件之一,其性能關(guān)系到基站系統(tǒng)收發(fā)信號的質(zhì)量與穩(wěn)定性。隨著無線通信向4G的發(fā)展,設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)小型化、雙極化的基站天線及陣列,對LTE基站的普及具有重要的意義。本文對LTE基站天線的緊湊型結(jié)構(gòu)和雙極化特性進行研究,主要工作有以下幾個方面。首先,基于電磁偶極子互補天線理論即電偶極子與磁偶極子方向圖互補的特性,提出一款緊湊型單極化電磁偶極子互補天線,采用接地的同軸線饋電方式使其滿足基站天線接地防雷擊的要求,并通過金屬片的折疊實現(xiàn)緊湊低高度的結(jié)構(gòu),其剖面高度為16mm(0.13λ)。通過參數(shù)分析等方法,加工出一款中心頻率2.3GHz的單極化電磁偶極子互補天線,工作頻帶(VSWR≤2)為1.94GHz-2.75GHz,其測試結(jié)果顯示天線增益(7dBi左右)在整個帶寬內(nèi)保持穩(wěn)定,輻射特性與仿真結(jié)果基本保持一致。其次,在單極化天線設(shè)計思路的基礎(chǔ)上,對單極化天線結(jié)構(gòu)進行調(diào)整,提出緊湊型結(jié)構(gòu)雙極化互補天線,其剖面高度為25.7mm(0.19λ)。天線實測端口1工作頻帶1.75GHz-2.62GHz,端口2的工作帶寬為1.59GHz-2.51GHz,天線的增益保持穩(wěn)定,方向圖特性滿足基站天線要求。第三,提出了一種改進的雙極化天線饋電結(jié)構(gòu),通過仿真分析,使雙極化天線單元在不改變端口1工作帶寬的條件下,端口2工作帶寬的仿真結(jié)果由1.66GHz-2.56GHz擴展為1.62GHz-2.80 GHz,為該天線拓展帶寬提供一種改進思路。第四,對雙極化天線陣列進行仿真研究。對陣列的陣元數(shù)目與陣元間距對陣列性能的影響進行研究,設(shè)計得到八單元陣列天線,其在工作頻帶1.7GHz-2.5GHz下增益達18dBi, yoz面半功率波束寬度60。左右,xoz面的波束寬度8°左右,其增益與方向圖特性滿足基站天線的要求。
[Abstract]:Base station antenna is one of the key components of radio frequency front end in wireless communication system. Its performance is related to the quality and stability of transceiver signal in base station system. With the development of wireless communication to 4G, the design and implementation of miniaturized and dual-polarized base station antennas and arrays is of great significance to the popularization of LTE base stations. The compact structure and dual polarization characteristics of LTE base station antenna are studied in this paper. Firstly, based on the theory of electromagnetic dipole complementary antenna, that is, electric dipole and magnetic dipole pattern complementarity, a compact single-polarization electromagnetic dipole complementary antenna is proposed. The grounded coaxial line is used to make it meet the requirements of base station antenna grounding lightning protection, and the compact and low height structure is realized by folding the metal sheet, and the profile height is 16mm(0.13 位. By means of parameter analysis, a single-polarization electromagnetic dipole complementary antenna with central frequency 2.3GHz is fabricated. The working band is 1.94 GHz ~ 2.75 GHz. The measured results show that the antenna gain is about 7 dBi) and remains stable in the whole bandwidth. The radiation characteristics are basically consistent with the simulation results. Secondly, on the basis of the design idea of single-polarization antenna, the structure of single-polarization antenna is adjusted, and a compact dual-polarization complementary antenna is proposed, whose profile height is 25.7mm(0.19 位 ~ (-1). The operational bandwidth of port 1 is 1.75GHz-2.62GHz, and the bandwidth of port 2 is 1.59GHz-2.51GHz. The antenna gain is stable and the pattern characteristic meets the requirements of base station antenna. Thirdly, an improved dual-polarization antenna feed structure is proposed. Through simulation analysis, the dual-polarization antenna unit is made to operate without changing the bandwidth of port 1. The simulation result of port 2 working bandwidth is extended from 1.66GHz-2.56GHz to 1.62GHz-2.80 GHz, which provides an improved way for the antenna to expand bandwidth. Fourthly, the dual polarization antenna array is simulated. The effects of the number of array elements and the spacing of array elements on the performance of the array are studied. The eight-cell array antenna is designed. The gain of the antenna is up to 18dBiunder the operating band 1.7GHz-2.5GHz, and the half-power beam width of the yoz plane is 60. The beam width of the left and right Xoz plane is about 8 擄, and its gain and pattern characteristics meet the requirements of the base station antenna.
【學位授予單位】：南京郵電大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN828.6

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