發(fā)布時間：2018-04-27 10:34

  本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 + 路由協(xié)議��； 參考：《湘潭大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(Wireless Sensor Networks)是由隨機撒播在監(jiān)測區(qū)域內的大量傳感器以無線通信方式自組織形成的網(wǎng)絡。傳感器節(jié)點擁有著體積小、成本低、易于部署等優(yōu)點,可以在自然環(huán)境差、人類難以進入的區(qū)域進行工作。這些特點決定了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡不論在軍事領域還是在日常生活以及工業(yè)生產(chǎn)等領域都有廣泛的應用前景。然而傳感器節(jié)點自身攜帶的能量有限且一旦部署后不能補充,因此減少通信能耗、提高網(wǎng)絡生存時間是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡路由協(xié)議的研究重點之一。LEACH協(xié)議是一種經(jīng)典的分層路由協(xié)議,它將網(wǎng)絡中的節(jié)點分成若干個簇,從而形成層次型路由協(xié)議,本文在LEACH協(xié)議的基礎上,針對其不足做出改進。首先,LEACH協(xié)議利用自身隨機產(chǎn)生一個隨機數(shù)與閾值對比的方法選取簇頭,這顯然不利于網(wǎng)絡能耗的均衡。本文提出改進協(xié)議——CEBFC(Cluster head Election algorithm based on Fuzzy Control)協(xié)議。該協(xié)議使用模糊控制算法優(yōu)化簇頭的選舉,綜合剩余能量、相對節(jié)點度等多個因素,利用模糊控制器計算得到的優(yōu)先度來改進節(jié)點廣播當選簇頭等待時間計算公式,優(yōu)化簇頭的選擇;此外,普通節(jié)點入簇不僅考慮到簇頭的距離還參考了簇頭到基站的距離,離基站近的簇頭擁有較小的成員規(guī)模,均衡簇頭的能耗。再者,針對簇頭直接與基站進行通信而造成通信代價過大的問題,本文在CEBFC協(xié)議的基礎上提出了改進協(xié)議——FCASP(Routing Protocol based on Fuzzy Control And Shortest Path)。其簇間通信方式采用了單跳與多跳相結合的方法,中繼節(jié)點選擇不僅考慮候選中繼節(jié)點前向區(qū)域的候選節(jié)點的剩余能量和路徑因素,還參考了候選節(jié)點的簇內負載情況,建立最短傳輸路徑以優(yōu)化有限能量的高效使用;此外還考慮了網(wǎng)絡壽命末期,前向區(qū)域內找不到候選中繼節(jié)點的特殊情況,使得協(xié)議更加完善。MATLAB仿真表明,CEBFC協(xié)議相較于CFFL和LEACH協(xié)議能有效提升網(wǎng)絡的工作壽命,通過合理的選擇簇頭降低通信能耗;FCASP協(xié)議較于CHBFT和LEACH協(xié)議在首個節(jié)點的死亡時間上分別提升了19%和209%,并且在減少整個網(wǎng)絡的能耗和基站接收到數(shù)據(jù)包的數(shù)量上也有不少提升。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a network formed by wireless communication of a large number of sensors spread randomly in the monitoring area. Sensor nodes have the advantages of small size, low cost, easy to deploy, and can work in areas where the natural environment is poor and it is difficult for human beings to enter. These characteristics determine that wireless sensor networks (WSN) have a wide range of applications in military, daily life and industrial production. However, the sensor nodes themselves carry a limited amount of energy and cannot be replenished once deployed, thus reducing communication energy consumption. Improving network lifetime is one of the key points of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Leach protocol is a classical hierarchical routing protocol, which divides nodes into clusters and forms hierarchical routing protocols. Based on the LEACH protocol, this paper aims at its shortcomings. First of all, the Leach protocol uses its own random generation of a random number to compare with the threshold to select cluster heads, which is obviously not conducive to the equilibrium of network energy consumption. In this paper, an improved protocol, the head Election algorithm based on Fuzzy Control, is proposed. The protocol uses fuzzy control algorithm to optimize cluster head selection, synthesizes residual energy, relative node degree and so on, and improves the formula of node broadcast elected cluster head waiting time by using the priority calculated by fuzzy controller. The selection of cluster heads is optimized. In addition, the common nodes not only consider the distance between cluster heads and base stations, but also consider the distance between cluster heads and base stations. The cluster heads near the base station have smaller member size and equalize the energy consumption of cluster heads. Furthermore, in order to solve the problem that the communication between cluster head and base station is too expensive, this paper proposes an improved protocol based on CEBFC protocol, that is, FCASP routing Protocol based on Fuzzy Control And Shortest path. The method of single-hop and multi-hop is used in the communication between clusters. The selection of relay nodes not only takes into account the residual energy and path factors of candidate nodes in the forward region of the candidate relay nodes, but also refers to the in-cluster load of candidate nodes. The shortest transmission path is established to optimize the efficient use of limited energy. In addition, the special case in which no candidate relay node can be found in the forward region at the end of network lifetime is considered. The simulation results show that compared with CFFL and LEACH protocols, CEBFC protocol can effectively improve the working life of the network. By reasonably selecting cluster heads to reduce the communication energy consumption, the FCASP protocol increases the death time of the first node by 19% and 209% respectively compared with the CHBFT and LEACH protocols, and also improves the energy consumption of the whole network and the number of packets received by the base station.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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