本文選題：多通道接收機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：波束賦形　出處：《南京郵電大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：接收機(jī)的發(fā)展和通信系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展是密不可分的,接收機(jī)是作為相控陣?yán)走_(dá)、射電天文學(xué)、無線通信等系統(tǒng)的主要硬件組成部分。本文以智能天線為應(yīng)用背景,設(shè)計(jì)了一款基于矢量乘法器的8通道接收機(jī),結(jié)合上位機(jī)軟件可實(shí)現(xiàn)校正和波束合成功能。1、智能天線的核心技術(shù)—波束賦形,波束合成方式有模擬域和數(shù)字域兩種。本課題從實(shí)際系統(tǒng)需求出發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了一款低成本的模擬域波束合成系統(tǒng),使用矢量乘法器去實(shí)現(xiàn)多通道接收機(jī)中的調(diào)幅和移相功能。從而保證系統(tǒng)正常工作的條件下降低系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜度,帶來大規(guī)模應(yīng)用成本的降低。矢量乘法器作為設(shè)計(jì)多通道接收機(jī)的關(guān)鍵組成部分—移相和調(diào)幅,在考慮了精度、集成度、成本等問題后本文根據(jù)具體的應(yīng)用背景提出了一種應(yīng)用于低頻段多通道接收機(jī)的解決方案。2、本文應(yīng)用一款矢量乘法器實(shí)現(xiàn)了調(diào)幅和移相兩個(gè)功能,取代了傳統(tǒng)的需要數(shù)字移相器和可調(diào)增益放大器兩款芯片的工作。選取可以精確調(diào)節(jié)的矢量乘法器使得滿足系統(tǒng)對(duì)于接收機(jī)最小移相精度和調(diào)幅精度的要求。這么做可以避免在很多系統(tǒng)中需要兩個(gè)LO信號(hào)帶來的干擾源問題,保證了系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行。3、為了達(dá)到工程應(yīng)用的目的,在硬件的支持下需要對(duì)接收機(jī)的各個(gè)通道和天線的不平衡度進(jìn)行校正。本課題基于Labview平臺(tái)開發(fā)了針對(duì)矢量乘法器的校正軟件和波束合成軟件,選項(xiàng)卡進(jìn)行切換。通過合理的校正算法,最終實(shí)測結(jié)果可以實(shí)現(xiàn)單通道相位360°可調(diào),校正精度0.18°;幅度動(dòng)態(tài)范圍20dB,精度為0.2dB。最后,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用場景搭建暗室測試環(huán)境,根據(jù)陣列天線測試結(jié)果實(shí)現(xiàn)了多通道接收機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:The development of receiver is closely related to the development of communication system. Receiver is the main hardware component of phased array radar, radio astronomy, wireless communication and so on.In this paper, an 8-channel receiver based on vector multiplier is designed with smart antenna as the application background. The function of correction and beamforming can be realized by using host computer software. The core technology of smart antenna is beamforming.There are two kinds of beamforming methods: analog domain and digital domain.In this paper, a low cost analog domain beam-synthesizing system is designed according to the actual system requirements. A vector multiplier is used to realize the amplitude modulation and phase shift function in the multi-channel receiver.Thus, the complexity of the system is reduced and the cost of large-scale application is reduced under the condition of normal operation of the system.Vector multiplier, as a key component of designing multi-channel receiver-phase shift and amplitude modulation, takes into account the accuracy and integration.Based on the specific application background, this paper puts forward a solution for low frequency multichannel receiver. In this paper, a vector multiplier is used to realize the functions of amplitude modulation and phase shift.Instead of the traditional digital phase shifter and adjustable gain amplifier two chips to work.The vector multiplier, which can be accurately adjusted, is chosen to meet the requirements of the system for the minimum phase shift accuracy and amplitude modulation accuracy of the receiver.This can avoid the interference source problem caused by the need of two Lo signals in many systems, and ensure the normal operation of the system .3. in order to achieve the purpose of engineering application,With the support of hardware, it is necessary to correct the unbalance of each channel and antenna of the receiver.Based on Labview platform, the software of vector multiplier correction and beamforming is developed in this paper, and the tab is switched.Through a reasonable correction algorithm, the final measured results can achieve a single channel phase of 360 擄adjustable, correction accuracy of 0.18 擄, amplitude dynamic range of 20 dB, accuracy of 0.2 dB.Finally, the design of multi-channel receiver is realized according to the test result of array antenna and the test environment of darkroom is built according to the application scene of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN851

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