本文選題：多通道接收機　切入點：波束賦形　出處：《南京郵電大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：接收機的發(fā)展和通信系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展是密不可分的,接收機是作為相控陣雷達、射電天文學、無線通信等系統(tǒng)的主要硬件組成部分。本文以智能天線為應用背景,設計了一款基于矢量乘法器的8通道接收機,結(jié)合上位機軟件可實現(xiàn)校正和波束合成功能。1、智能天線的核心技術(shù)—波束賦形,波束合成方式有模擬域和數(shù)字域兩種。本課題從實際系統(tǒng)需求出發(fā)設計了一款低成本的模擬域波束合成系統(tǒng),使用矢量乘法器去實現(xiàn)多通道接收機中的調(diào)幅和移相功能。從而保證系統(tǒng)正常工作的條件下降低系統(tǒng)的復雜度,帶來大規(guī)模應用成本的降低。矢量乘法器作為設計多通道接收機的關鍵組成部分—移相和調(diào)幅,在考慮了精度、集成度、成本等問題后本文根據(jù)具體的應用背景提出了一種應用于低頻段多通道接收機的解決方案。2、本文應用一款矢量乘法器實現(xiàn)了調(diào)幅和移相兩個功能,取代了傳統(tǒng)的需要數(shù)字移相器和可調(diào)增益放大器兩款芯片的工作。選取可以精確調(diào)節(jié)的矢量乘法器使得滿足系統(tǒng)對于接收機最小移相精度和調(diào)幅精度的要求。這么做可以避免在很多系統(tǒng)中需要兩個LO信號帶來的干擾源問題,保證了系統(tǒng)的正常運行。3、為了達到工程應用的目的,在硬件的支持下需要對接收機的各個通道和天線的不平衡度進行校正。本課題基于Labview平臺開發(fā)了針對矢量乘法器的校正軟件和波束合成軟件,選項卡進行切換。通過合理的校正算法,最終實測結(jié)果可以實現(xiàn)單通道相位360°可調(diào),校正精度0.18°;幅度動態(tài)范圍20dB,精度為0.2dB。最后,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)應用場景搭建暗室測試環(huán)境,根據(jù)陣列天線測試結(jié)果實現(xiàn)了多通道接收機的設計。
[Abstract]:The development of receiver is closely related to the development of communication system. Receiver is the main hardware component of phased array radar, radio astronomy, wireless communication and so on.In this paper, an 8-channel receiver based on vector multiplier is designed with smart antenna as the application background. The function of correction and beamforming can be realized by using host computer software. The core technology of smart antenna is beamforming.There are two kinds of beamforming methods: analog domain and digital domain.In this paper, a low cost analog domain beam-synthesizing system is designed according to the actual system requirements. A vector multiplier is used to realize the amplitude modulation and phase shift function in the multi-channel receiver.Thus, the complexity of the system is reduced and the cost of large-scale application is reduced under the condition of normal operation of the system.Vector multiplier, as a key component of designing multi-channel receiver-phase shift and amplitude modulation, takes into account the accuracy and integration.Based on the specific application background, this paper puts forward a solution for low frequency multichannel receiver. In this paper, a vector multiplier is used to realize the functions of amplitude modulation and phase shift.Instead of the traditional digital phase shifter and adjustable gain amplifier two chips to work.The vector multiplier, which can be accurately adjusted, is chosen to meet the requirements of the system for the minimum phase shift accuracy and amplitude modulation accuracy of the receiver.This can avoid the interference source problem caused by the need of two Lo signals in many systems, and ensure the normal operation of the system .3. in order to achieve the purpose of engineering application,With the support of hardware, it is necessary to correct the unbalance of each channel and antenna of the receiver.Based on Labview platform, the software of vector multiplier correction and beamforming is developed in this paper, and the tab is switched.Through a reasonable correction algorithm, the final measured results can achieve a single channel phase of 360 擄adjustable, correction accuracy of 0.18 擄, amplitude dynamic range of 20 dB, accuracy of 0.2 dB.Finally, the design of multi-channel receiver is realized according to the test result of array antenna and the test environment of darkroom is built according to the application scene of the system.
【學位授予單位】：南京郵電大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN851

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