本文選題：車聯(lián)網(wǎng)　切入點(diǎn)：霧計(jì)算　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：車聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為智能交通的一部分,為解決城市交通問(wèn)題提供了發(fā)展方向。近年來(lái),隨著車輛數(shù)目和車聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的爆炸式增長(zhǎng),云計(jì)算網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬資源將嚴(yán)重不足,而且無(wú)法滿足車聯(lián)網(wǎng)移動(dòng)性和低時(shí)延的特性。霧計(jì)算部署在網(wǎng)絡(luò)邊緣,具有位置感知和低時(shí)延的特性,能夠更好地應(yīng)用到車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中。雖然霧計(jì)算的概念由思科在2012年提出,但是在車聯(lián)網(wǎng)方面的研究還處于起步階段,僅限于理論方面。本文首次將霧計(jì)算與車聯(lián)網(wǎng)聯(lián)合考慮,就其部署與規(guī)模測(cè)算問(wèn)題展開研究。首先,結(jié)合霧計(jì)算和車聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù),本文設(shè)計(jì)了霧計(jì)算環(huán)境下的車聯(lián)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)(FC-IoV)。該架構(gòu)通過(guò)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)邊緣引入霧設(shè)備,使得車載終端能夠快速接入網(wǎng)絡(luò),就近選擇霧設(shè)備為其提供計(jì)算和存儲(chǔ)服務(wù),節(jié)約了帶寬資源,提升了數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率,減少了時(shí)延,具有重要的研究意義。其次,針對(duì)車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施增多帶來(lái)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署成本太高的問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種以最小成本為目標(biāo)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署方法。該方法以城市道路為應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,主要對(duì)車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的V2R(Vehicle to Roadside)進(jìn)行部署,通過(guò)考慮網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋范圍和設(shè)備容量等因素,建立了整型線性規(guī)劃(IntegerLinearProgramming,ILP)模型,并運(yùn)用優(yōu)化求解器Gurobi對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解,得到網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最終部署方案。最后,針對(duì)大規(guī)模場(chǎng)景下,Gurobi求解線性規(guī)劃模型效率過(guò)低,甚至無(wú)法求解的問(wèn)題,本文提出了快速啟發(fā)式算法。該算法能夠得到模型的近似最優(yōu)解,并且使求解時(shí)間大大減少。通過(guò)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)模型和算法求解的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,顯示了算法求解的有效性和高效性,體現(xiàn)了算法的優(yōu)越性。本文通過(guò)對(duì)霧計(jì)算環(huán)境下車聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化部署,降低了網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署成本,使得車聯(lián)網(wǎng)部署更加經(jīng)濟(jì)可靠,為車聯(lián)網(wǎng)實(shí)際部署提供了理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Car networking as part of intelligent transportation, and provides the development direction to solve the city traffic problem. In recent years, with the explosion of the number of vehicles and car networking growth data, cloud computing, network bandwidth will be a serious shortage of resources, and can not meet the car networking mobility and low delay characteristics. Deployed at the network edge computing fog with position perception and low delay characteristics, can be better applied to the car networking. Although the concept of fog calculation proposed by CISCO in 2012, but the research in the car networking is still in the initial stage, only the theory. For the first time the fog calculation and car networking combined with its deployment, research and measurement of the scale of problem first, combined with fog computing and vehicle networking technology, this paper designs the fog computing environment of car networking architecture (FC-IoV). The architecture by introducing fog devices at the network edge, which makes the vehicle terminal Terminal can quickly access the network, choose the nearest spray equipment to provide services for its computation and storage, saving bandwidth resources, enhance the data transmission rate, reduces the time delay, and has important significance. Secondly, aiming at the car networking infrastructure increased in the high cost of the problem brought by the network deployment, this paper puts forward a method to the minimum cost for the target network deployment method. The method in city road is the main application scenarios of car networking in V2R (Vehicle to Roadside) were deployed by considering the network coverage and capacity and other factors, to establish the integer linear programming (IntegerLinearProgramming, ILP) model, and used to solve the model optimization Gurobi, get the final deployment scheme of the network. Finally, according to the scene, the Gurobi linear programming model of low efficiency, even no method to solve the problem, this paper. A fast heuristic algorithm. The algorithm can obtain the approximate optimal solution of the model, and the computation time is greatly reduced. Through simulation experiments, comparing model and algorithm of mathematical results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm, shows the algorithm superiority. Based on the computing environment to get off the fog network optimization deployment, reduce the cost of network deployment, making the car networking deployment is more economical and reliable, provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the actual deployment of car networking.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.5;U495

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