本文選題：無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點(diǎn)：定位求精　出處：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSNs)在軍事、工農(nóng)業(yè)控制、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景,作為基于WSNs的應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ),節(jié)點(diǎn)定位技術(shù)是WSNs中極其重要的技術(shù)之一。一方面,精確的位置信息對(duì)于WSNs的應(yīng)用服務(wù)具有非常關(guān)鍵的作用;另一方面,由于傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的資源非常有限,包括能量、存儲(chǔ)容量等,而且節(jié)點(diǎn)部署的環(huán)境常常較為惡劣,所以在WSNs的定位過(guò)程中,能耗和安全性問(wèn)題也是不容忽視。本文以經(jīng)典的無(wú)需測(cè)距DV-hop定位算法為研究對(duì)象,從定位精度,能耗和安全性三個(gè)方面展開研究,主要貢獻(xiàn)如下:(1)提出了一種基于校正矢量的分布式迭代求精算法(CVLR)。為了解決DV-hop算法中的定位模糊問(wèn)題,CVLR算法提出利用節(jié)點(diǎn)的一跳或兩跳鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)信息構(gòu)建位置校正矢量,然后采用搜索算法對(duì)DV-hop定位結(jié)果進(jìn)行迭代求精,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)CVLR1(僅僅利用一跳鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)信息)和CVLR2(同時(shí)利用一跳和兩跳鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)信息)兩種算法。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,CVLR1和CVLR2的定位精度明顯比原始DV-hop算法高,從實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)看,兩種算法的定位精度分別相對(duì)于DV-hop算法提高了41.12%和56.61%。(2)對(duì)DV-hop、CVLR1和CVLR2算法的能耗進(jìn)行了分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上,為了結(jié)合CVLR2的高精度和CVLR1的低能耗,我們提出了基于精度-能耗聯(lián)合優(yōu)化的改進(jìn)CVLR算法(ECVLR)。該算法主要是減少了CVLR2在迭代過(guò)程中節(jié)點(diǎn)間互相交換信息的通信開銷,使其在既能同時(shí)利用一跳和兩跳鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)信息進(jìn)行求精的情況下,又能減少能耗。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,ECVLR定位精度相對(duì)于CVLR1提高了21.37%,而能耗相對(duì)于CVLR2下降了86.69%,該算法在定位精度和能耗兩者之間做了很好地平衡,是一種具有較高能效性的定位算法。(3)提出了DV-hop定位中普通節(jié)點(diǎn)被俘獲的欺騙攻擊模型,分析了這種欺騙攻擊模型對(duì)DV-hop定位過(guò)程的影響,進(jìn)而提出了一種抵御欺騙攻擊的DV-hop安全定位算法。該算法在普通節(jié)點(diǎn)端利用發(fā)送-轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)信息一致性來(lái)檢測(cè)惡意節(jié)點(diǎn),在匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)端利用消息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)鏈舉證來(lái)確定惡意節(jié)點(diǎn),當(dāng)匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)檢測(cè)出存在惡意節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行篡改攻匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)通報(bào)全網(wǎng)棄用惡意節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的數(shù)據(jù)分組并重啟定位。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,本文提出的安全定位算法能夠有效濾除惡意節(jié)點(diǎn),且安全定位算法的定位性能與無(wú)攻擊下的DV-hop算法基本相當(dāng),在僅有1個(gè)惡意節(jié)點(diǎn)的條件下,安全定位算法的定位精度相對(duì)于無(wú)攻擊下的DV-hop僅下降0.79%,這說(shuō)明我們的安全定位算法有效的消除了欺騙攻擊對(duì)DV-hop造成的影響。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSNs) has a broad application prospect in the military, industrial and agricultural control, environmental monitoring and other related fields. As the basis of the application based on WSNs, node location technology is one of the most important technologies in WSNs. Accurate location information plays a key role in WSNs application services. On the other hand, because of the limited resources of sensor nodes, including energy, storage capacity and so on, nodes are often deployed in a bad environment. Therefore, the problem of energy consumption and security is not to be ignored in the positioning process of WSNs. This paper takes the classical location algorithm without ranging DV-hop as the research object, from three aspects of location accuracy, energy consumption and security. The main contributions are as follows: (1) A distributed iterative refinement algorithm based on correction vector is proposed. In order to solve the problem of location ambiguity in DV-hop algorithm, a position correction vector is constructed by using one-hop or two-hop neighbor node information of nodes. Then the search algorithm is used to iterate and refine the DV-hop localization results. Finally, two algorithms, CVLR1 (using only one-hop neighbor node information) and CVLR2 (using one-hop and two-hop neighbor node information), are realized. The experimental results show that the positioning accuracy of CVLR1 and CVLR2 is obviously higher than that of the original DV-hop algorithm. The positioning accuracy of the two algorithms is improved by 41.12% and 56.61% respectively compared with the DV-hop algorithm. The energy consumption of the DV-hopper CVLR1 and CVLR2 algorithm is analyzed. On this basis, in order to combine the high precision of CVLR2 with the low energy consumption of CVLR1, We propose an improved CVLR algorithm based on the combined optimization of precision and energy consumption, which can reduce the communication overhead of exchanging information between nodes in the iterative process of CVLR2. So that it can make use of both one-hop and two-hop neighbor node information for refinement, The simulation results show that the positioning accuracy of CVLR1 is 21.37% higher than that of CVLR1, while the energy consumption is 86.69% lower than that of CVLR2. This algorithm has a good balance between positioning accuracy and energy consumption. This paper presents a spoofing attack model of common nodes captured in DV-hop location, and analyzes the influence of this spoofing attack model on DV-hop localization process. Furthermore, a DV-hop security localization algorithm against spoofing attacks is proposed, which detects malicious nodes by sending-forward message consistency at the common node end, and determines malicious nodes by using message forwarding chain at the convergence node side. When the convergence node detects that there are malicious nodes tampering with the convergence node to notify the whole network to discard the malicious node forwarding data packet and restart the location. The simulation results show that the proposed security location algorithm can effectively filter out the malicious node. And the location performance of the secure location algorithm is basically the same as that of the DV-hop algorithm without attack, under the condition of only one malicious node, The location accuracy of the secure location algorithm is only 0.79% lower than that of the DV-hop without attack, which shows that our security location algorithm effectively eliminates the influence of spoofing attack on DV-hop.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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