本文選題：InSAR　切入點(diǎn)：相位解纏　出處：《電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：干涉合成孔徑雷達(dá)(InSAR)除有全天時(shí)、全天候等獨(dú)特優(yōu)點(diǎn)外,還可獲取目標(biāo)的高程信息,越來(lái)越廣泛地被應(yīng)用到大范圍地形高程測(cè)繪中,其中,相位解纏技術(shù)起著至關(guān)重要的作用。基于全局類解纏算法整體解纏精度高的優(yōu)勢(shì),本文針對(duì)其中的四次快速傅里葉變換(4-FFT)算法進(jìn)行了深入研究并提出改進(jìn),并從原理上將之?dāng)U展到多基線,提出基于多基線的高精度4-FFT算法,最后結(jié)合仿真及實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比分析了該算法性能。具體工作及創(chuàng)新如下:(1)闡述了合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量技術(shù)的基本原理。首先介紹了InSAR測(cè)高基本原理,給出了InSAR數(shù)據(jù)處理流程,然后闡述了相位解纏基本原理,接著對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的相位解纏算法及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)做了簡(jiǎn)要介紹,提出高精度解纏算法研究的必要性,最后給出了相位解纏算法評(píng)價(jià)體系,為后面評(píng)判解纏算法性能提供依據(jù)。(2)研究了四次FFT相位解纏算法。首先分析了4-FFT算法的原理,通過對(duì)真實(shí)相位與纏繞相位的關(guān)系式取拉普拉斯變換,借助真實(shí)相位的拉普拉斯變換與纏繞相位間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)行四次FFT求得解纏相位,獲得全局類高精度4-FFT算法。然后將4-FFT算法與同樣具有全局類特點(diǎn)的最小二乘算法進(jìn)行了原理上的分析比較,說明了4-FFT算法解纏精度更高,仿真與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)同樣表明了該特性。(3)提出了一種迭代式的高精度4-FFT相位解纏算法。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)4-FFT相位解纏算法在低信噪比情況下解纏誤差大甚至失效的問題,提出了一種基于迭代的高精度4-FFT相位解纏算法。該算法利用傳統(tǒng)4-FFT算法獲得初始解纏相位,與纏繞相位建立相位誤差主值求解公式,對(duì)誤差主值進(jìn)行4-FFT解纏求得誤差真實(shí)值,迭代補(bǔ)償?shù)匠跏冀饫p相位,不斷減小解纏誤差提高解纏精度。最后在不同信噪比下與傳統(tǒng)4-FFT和最小二乘法進(jìn)行了比較,仿真和實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)表明,所提算法不僅在高信噪比下解纏性能優(yōu)良,在低信噪比環(huán)境仍能保持高的解纏精度。(4)提出了迭代多基線高精度4-FFT相位解纏算法。針對(duì)單基線相位解纏不能解決地形高度突變引起的相位層疊和解纏精度不高等問題,提出了基于多基線的迭代高精度4-FFT相位解纏算法。結(jié)合基線長(zhǎng)度與干涉相位的關(guān)系,利用其它基線相位豐富所求基線相位信息,將4-FFT算法擴(kuò)展到多基線相位解纏,并通過誤差迭代補(bǔ)償技術(shù)進(jìn)一步提高解纏精度。仿真及實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)表明,其利用其它視角的相位信息融合本基線相位有效解決了相位層疊問題,并通過與高精度多基線最小二乘算法的比較,證明所提算法解纏精度更高。
[Abstract]:Interferometric synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has the unique advantages of all-day, all-weather and so on, and it can also obtain the height information of the target, which is more and more widely used in the large-scale topographic elevation mapping. Phase unwrapping technique plays an important role. Based on the advantage of global unwrapping algorithm with high global unwrapping accuracy, this paper makes a thorough study on the 4-FFTs algorithm and proposes an improved algorithm. In principle, it is extended to multi-baselines, and a high-precision 4-FFT algorithm based on multi-baselines is proposed. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is analyzed by comparing the simulated and measured data. The main work and innovation are as follows: 1) the basic principle of synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry is expounded. Firstly, the basic principle of InSAR altimetry is introduced, and the InSAR data processing flow is given. Then the basic principle of phase unwrapping is expounded, and then the traditional phase unwrapping algorithm and its advantages and disadvantages are briefly introduced, and the necessity of research on high precision unwrapping algorithm is put forward. Finally, the evaluation system of phase unwrapping algorithm is given. The fourth FFT phase unwrapping algorithm is studied in this paper. Firstly, the principle of 4-FFT algorithm is analyzed, and the Laplace transform is used to express the relationship between real phase and winding phase. With the help of the relation between the Laplace transformation of real phase and the phase of winding, the unwrapping phase is obtained by FFT. The global class high precision 4-FFT algorithm is obtained. Then the 4-FFT algorithm is compared with the least square algorithm which also has the global class characteristics. It shows that the 4-FFT algorithm has higher unwrapping precision. Simulation and actual data show that this property is the same.) an iterative 4-FFT phase unwrapping algorithm with high precision is proposed. The traditional 4-FFT phase unwrapping algorithm has a large unwrapping error or even a failure in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A high precision 4-FFT phase unwrapping algorithm based on iteration is proposed, which uses the traditional 4-FFT algorithm to obtain the initial unwrapping phase, and establishes a formula for calculating the principal value of the phase error with the winding phase. The real value of the error is obtained by the 4-FFT unwrapping of the error principal value. The iterative compensation to the initial unwrapping phase reduces the unwrapping error continuously and improves the unwrapping accuracy. Finally, compared with the traditional 4-FFT and the least square method at different SNR, the simulated and measured data show that, The proposed algorithm not only has good unwrapping performance under high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), In this paper, an iterative multi-baseline high-precision 4-FFT phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed. The single-baseline phase unwrapping algorithm can not solve the problem of phase stacking and unwrapping caused by topographic height abrupt change. An iterative high-precision 4-FFT phase unwrapping algorithm based on multiple baselines is proposed. Considering the relationship between baseline length and interference phase, the 4-FFT algorithm is extended to multi-baseline phase unwrapping by using other baseline phases to enrich the desired baseline phase information. The error iterative compensation technique is used to further improve the unwrapping accuracy. The simulation and measured data show that the phase stacking problem is effectively solved by using the phase information fusion of other angles of view to fuse the baseline phase. Compared with the high-precision multi-baseline least squares algorithm, the proposed algorithm has higher unwrapping accuracy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.52

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