本文選題：船載高頻地波雷達(dá)　切入點(diǎn)：一階海洋回波　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：高頻地波雷達(dá)能夠?qū)μ囟êＳ驅(qū)崿F(xiàn)超視距、大范圍、全天時(shí)的海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè),是進(jìn)行海洋表面風(fēng)、浪、流參數(shù)提取,以及對(duì)船舶、低空飛機(jī)進(jìn)行目標(biāo)檢測(cè)和跟蹤的良好選擇。與采用大口徑相控陣天線的高頻地波雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)相比,便攜式系統(tǒng)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔、占地面小、安裝維護(hù)方便的特點(diǎn),利用超分辨率算法也能達(dá)到媲美大型陣列的角度分辨能力。根據(jù)架設(shè)位置不同,高頻地波雷達(dá)分為岸基與船載兩種形式,船載模式繼承了岸基雷達(dá)的特性,附加了靈活探測(cè)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),同時(shí)相對(duì)地提高了雷達(dá)探測(cè)范圍和環(huán)境適應(yīng)能力。因此船載便攜式高頻地波雷達(dá)在軍民兩用上具有強(qiáng)大的優(yōu)勢(shì)與廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。武漢大學(xué)雷達(dá)與信號(hào)處理實(shí)驗(yàn)室于2013年在廣西防城港海域進(jìn)行了船載高頻地波雷達(dá)的探測(cè)性試驗(yàn),旨在研究回波特性、海洋參數(shù)提取和目標(biāo)檢測(cè)的性能。本文基于此次試驗(yàn),對(duì)船載模式下的一階海洋回波的展寬機(jī)理、海面徑向流場(chǎng)與風(fēng)向的反演、展寬回波的抑制,進(jìn)行了理論研究與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)處理,取得了一定的成果。主要的研究工作包括:1)通過構(gòu)建走航條件下的探測(cè)模型,分析了船速、海流、風(fēng)向和探測(cè)張角對(duì)一階海洋回波譜形態(tài)的影響,解釋了船載試驗(yàn)實(shí)測(cè)多普勒譜區(qū)別于岸基情況的原因。2)分析船載雷達(dá)反演徑向流場(chǎng)可行性,詳述各處理步驟的原理與結(jié)果,流速及方位角分布情況符合理論模型,最終給出徑向流場(chǎng)的反演結(jié)果;基于多普勒譜隨風(fēng)向發(fā)生形態(tài)變化的特點(diǎn),提出一種風(fēng)向估計(jì)的新方法,解決了單基地雷達(dá)的風(fēng)向模糊問題,估計(jì)結(jié)果與實(shí)際風(fēng)向較吻合。3)研究了船載雷達(dá)中單根單極子交叉環(huán)天線進(jìn)行空時(shí)自適應(yīng)處理抑制海雜波的性能,基于空間分解的原理,提出一種海雜波抑制方法。該方法能夠抑制展寬的海洋回波并凸顯目標(biāo),但會(huì)使目標(biāo)方位角發(fā)生變化,為此提出了添加調(diào)整系數(shù),補(bǔ)償導(dǎo)向矢量和增加天線陣元的辦法來消除此影響。
[Abstract]:High frequency ground wave radar can be used to monitor the marine environment in a wide range and all day in a certain sea area. It is used to extract the parameters of wind, wave and current on the ocean surface, as well as to extract the parameters of the ship. Compared with the high frequency ground wave radar system with large aperture phased array antenna, the portable system has the advantages of simple structure, small ground occupation, convenient installation and maintenance. The super-resolution algorithm can also achieve angular resolution comparable to large array. According to the different position, the HF ground wave radar can be divided into shore-based and shipborne, and the shipborne mode inherits the characteristics of shore-based radar. With the advantage of flexible detection, Therefore, shipborne portable HF ground wave radar has strong advantages and broad application prospects in both military and civilian applications. Wuhan University Radar and signal processing experiment. On 2013, the laboratory conducted the detectability test of shipborne HF ground wave radar in Fangchenggang, Guangxi. The purpose of this paper is to study the characteristics of echo, the performance of ocean parameter extraction and target detection. Based on this experiment, the broadening mechanism of the first order ocean echo, the inversion of the radial current field and wind direction of the sea surface, and the suppression of the broadening echo are studied in this paper. Theoretical research and practical data processing have been carried out, and some achievements have been made. The main research work includes: 1) the ship velocity and current are analyzed by constructing the detection model under the condition of sailing. The influence of wind direction and detecting angle on the first order ocean echo spectrum morphology is explained. The reason why the measured Doppler spectrum of shipboard test differs from the condition of shore base is explained. The feasibility of ship borne radar inversion of radial flow field is analyzed. The principle and results of each processing step are described in detail. The distribution of velocity and azimuth is in accordance with the theoretical model. Finally, the inversion results of radial flow field are given, and a new method of wind direction estimation is proposed based on the characteristics of Doppler spectrum changing with wind direction. The fuzzy problem of wind direction of mono-static radar is solved. The estimated results are in good agreement with the actual wind direction. 3) the performance of space-time adaptive processing and suppression of sea clutter by single monopole cross loop antenna in shipborne radar is studied, based on the principle of spatial decomposition. In this paper, a sea clutter suppression method is proposed, which can suppress the wide ocean echo and highlight the target, but it can change the azimuth of the target. Compensate the guidance vector and increase the antenna element to eliminate this effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.51

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