本文選題：傳感器　切入點(diǎn)：監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域　出處：《北方民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)作為一種新興的信息獲取技術(shù),被譽(yù)為21世紀(jì)將影響世界的十大技術(shù)之首,以其廣泛的應(yīng)用,受到人們的重視。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過(guò)撒播具有無(wú)線通信能力的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)在監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域,來(lái)感知、收集、處理監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域的物理信息,并把信息反饋給控制臺(tái)。由于低功耗、低成本、分布式和自組織的特點(diǎn),無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)被廣泛的應(yīng)用于在軍事、航空、防爆、救災(zāi)、環(huán)境、醫(yī)療、保健、家居、工業(yè)、商業(yè)等領(lǐng)域。在無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用中,成千上萬(wàn)的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)被散布在人跡罕至的監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域,傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)通常是通過(guò)電池來(lái)進(jìn)行供電的,傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)部署完成后很難進(jìn)行電池的更換,一旦節(jié)點(diǎn)能量耗盡,將會(huì)失去作用,過(guò)多的節(jié)點(diǎn)失效會(huì)導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓,因此節(jié)點(diǎn)能量顯得彌足珍貴。所以,研究高效、節(jié)能,能延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議非常重要。本文闡述了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的體系結(jié)構(gòu),介紹了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),分析了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議,重點(diǎn)介紹了分層路由協(xié)議。接著介紹了經(jīng)典路由協(xié)議LEACH協(xié)議,詳細(xì)研究了網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)、能量模型、協(xié)議原理、簇頭選舉、成簇、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)确矫孢M(jìn)行研究,最后通過(guò)仿真軟件模擬協(xié)議運(yùn)行,并且總結(jié)了LEACH協(xié)議的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。然后針對(duì)LEACH協(xié)議的不足進(jìn)行改進(jìn),提出了一種基于雙簇頭的能量有效的路由算法。該路由算法將傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)劃分一定區(qū)域,改進(jìn)簇頭選舉算法,使用雙簇頭協(xié)調(diào)工作的機(jī)制,并且在簇間運(yùn)用單跳和多跳路由機(jī)制。并且設(shè)計(jì)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明改進(jìn)的協(xié)議在簇的劃分、簇頭選舉、能量均衡、網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期等方面有明顯改進(jìn)。最后基于另外一種經(jīng)典分簇路由算法HEED協(xié)議,提出一種與數(shù)據(jù)融合相結(jié)合的改進(jìn)算法,算法優(yōu)化了簇頭選舉算法,提高了魯棒性,分別從節(jié)點(diǎn)密度、匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置和網(wǎng)絡(luò)大小幾個(gè)方面證明了改進(jìn)算法的優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as a new information acquisition technology, is regarded as one of the top ten technologies that will affect the world in 21th century. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) perceive, collect, process the physical information of the monitoring area by sowing sensor nodes with wireless communication capability in the monitoring area, and feed back the information to the console. Low-cost, distributed and self-organizing features, wireless sensor networks are widely used in military, aviation, explosion prevention, disaster relief, environment, medical, health care, home, industry, commerce and other fields. Thousands of sensor nodes are scattered in the inaccessible monitoring area. The sensor nodes are usually powered by batteries, and it is difficult to replace the batteries once the sensor nodes are deployed, once the node energy is exhausted. Because too many node failures lead to network paralysis, so node energy is precious. So, research on efficiency, energy conservation, The network protocol that can prolong the network life cycle is very important. This paper describes the architecture of wireless sensor network, introduces the key technology of wireless sensor network, and analyzes the routing protocol of wireless sensor network. Then the classical routing protocol LEACH protocol is introduced, and the network structure, energy model, protocol principle, cluster head election, clustering, data transmission and so on are studied in detail. Finally, the protocol is simulated by simulation software, and the advantages and disadvantages of LEACH protocol are summarized. Then, the shortcomings of LEACH protocol are improved. This paper presents an energy-efficient routing algorithm based on double cluster heads, which divides sensor nodes into certain regions, improves cluster head election algorithm, and uses a mechanism of coordination between two cluster heads. The simulation results show that the improved protocol can be used in cluster partition, cluster head election, energy balance, and so on. Finally, based on another classical clustering routing algorithm (HEED), an improved algorithm combined with data fusion is proposed, which optimizes the cluster head selection algorithm and improves the robustness. The advantages of the improved algorithm are proved from the node density, the location of the convergent node and the network size.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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