本文選題：無線通信系統(tǒng)　切入點：基站　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：高鐵無線通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),有效地改進(jìn)了高速移動環(huán)境下通話質(zhì)量下降、容易掉話、數(shù)據(jù)速率嚴(yán)重下降等通信質(zhì)量問題,促進(jìn)了高鐵信息化和通信高速化的發(fā)展,滿足了人們在高速移動環(huán)境中對無線通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的需求,使無線通信走進(jìn)了高鐵列車,開辟了新的市場。ROF(光載無線通信,radio-over-fiber)技術(shù)是無線通信與光纖通信結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,具有無線通信和光纖通信的優(yōu)勢。ROF系統(tǒng)中運用光纖作為基站與中心站之間的傳輸鏈路,直接利用光載波來傳輸射頻信號。光纖僅起到傳輸?shù)淖饔?交換、控制和信號的再生都集中在中心站,基站僅實現(xiàn)光電轉(zhuǎn)換。把復(fù)雜昂貴的設(shè)備集中到中心站點,讓多個遠(yuǎn)端基站共享這些設(shè)備,減少基站的功耗和成本。高鐵通信與傳統(tǒng)通信不同之處主要表現(xiàn)在:針對對象、網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)、建設(shè)基站地理環(huán)境等。自由空間傳播模型是一種理想環(huán)境下的通用模型;Okumura-Hata模型適用于頻率為150~1000MHz的網(wǎng)絡(luò);COST123-Hata模型適用于1500~2000MHz頻段、基站高度高于周圍建筑物的大/小宏蜂窩環(huán)境;KeenanMotley模型適用于室內(nèi)環(huán)境。多普勒效應(yīng)、頻繁的小區(qū)切換、嚴(yán)重的車體穿透損耗、高鐵沿線特殊環(huán)境下建設(shè)基站困難等因素都會造成高鐵無線接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在弱覆蓋區(qū)域,甚至盲區(qū)。通過對這幾種影響因素進(jìn)行分析研究,提出了使用低頻段頻率和AFC算法、“移動小區(qū)”原理、列車中繼天線以及電磁波傳播特性這幾種關(guān)鍵技術(shù)分別解決多普勒效應(yīng)、頻繁的小區(qū)切換、嚴(yán)重的車體穿透損耗、高鐵沿線特殊路段建設(shè)基站困難四種主要困難問題。高鐵無線接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的構(gòu)建主要分四個環(huán)節(jié)完成,第一,規(guī)劃網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型,其中包括確定目標(biāo)和思路、規(guī)劃頻率、規(guī)劃市區(qū)和市區(qū)外網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu);第二,規(guī)劃設(shè)計基站的站址,其中分基站與基站之間距離的橫向規(guī)劃和基站與鐵軌距離的縱向規(guī)劃;第三,單基站的規(guī)劃設(shè)計,其中包括基站類型的設(shè)計、設(shè)備的選擇以及設(shè)備參數(shù)的設(shè)計;第四,列車上的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計,其中包括車廂網(wǎng)絡(luò)的構(gòu)建原理和組網(wǎng)方式。結(jié)合京福高鐵銅陵段具體工程,從覆蓋目標(biāo)、經(jīng)濟、技術(shù)三個方面進(jìn)行了可行性分析。根據(jù)設(shè)計流程規(guī)劃了京福高鐵銅陵段的基站站址,從設(shè)備的選擇和相應(yīng)的參數(shù)設(shè)計兩個方面進(jìn)行了基站設(shè)計。通過基站機房和天饋兩方面施工,將理論設(shè)計與工程施工進(jìn)行結(jié)合。從覆蓋率、RSRP(參考信號接收功率,Reference Signal Receiving Power)、SINR(信號與干擾加噪聲比,Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio)以及系統(tǒng)安全性四個方面對工程項目的成果進(jìn)行了驗證。
[Abstract]:The high-speed railway wireless communication network has effectively improved the communication quality problems such as the decline in the quality of the communication in the high-speed mobile environment, easy to drop calls and serious decline in the data rate, and has promoted the development of high-speed rail information and high-speed communication. It satisfies people's demand for wireless communication network in high-speed mobile environment, makes wireless communication enter high-speed train, opens up a new market, radio-over-fibertechnology is the result of the combination of wireless communication and optical fiber communication. In ROF system, optical fiber is used as the transmission link between base station and central station, and optical carrier is directly used to transmit radio frequency signal. Control and signal regeneration are concentrated in the central station, the base station only realizes photoelectric conversion. The complex and expensive equipment is centralized to the central station, so that many remote base stations share these devices. Reducing the power consumption and cost of base station. The difference between high-speed communication and traditional communication is that: for the object, network structure, The free space propagation model is a universal model in ideal environment. The Okumura-Hata model is suitable for the network COST123-Hata model with a frequency of 150 ~ 1000MHz. The Keenan Motley model with the base station height higher than the surrounding building is suitable for indoor environment. Doppler effect, frequent cell switching, severe car body penetration loss, etc. Some factors, such as the difficulty of constructing base station in the special environment along the high-speed railway line, will result in the existence of weak coverage area or even blind area in the high-speed rail wireless access network. Through the analysis and study of these influencing factors, Several key technologies, such as low frequency band frequency and AFC algorithm, "mobile cell" principle, train relay antenna and electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics, are proposed to solve the Doppler effect, frequent cell switching, and severe body penetration loss, respectively. There are four main difficulties in the construction of base stations along special sections of high-speed rail. The construction of high-speed railway wireless access network is mainly divided into four links. First, planning network types, including determining objectives and ideas, planning frequency, Planning the topological structure of the urban area and the network outside the urban area; second, planning and designing the site of the base station, including the horizontal planning of the distance between the base station and the base station and the longitudinal planning of the distance between the base station and the rail; third, the planning and design of the single base station, These include the design of base station type, the selection of equipment and the design of equipment parameters; 4th, the wireless network design on the train, including the construction principle and networking mode of the carriage network, combined with the concrete project of Tongling section of Jingfu high-speed railway, The feasibility analysis is carried out from three aspects of coverage target, economy and technology. According to the design process, the base station site of Tongling section of Beijing-Fu high-speed railway is planned. The base station is designed from the selection of equipment and the corresponding parameter design. Through the construction of the base station computer room and the sky feed, This paper combines the theory design with the engineering construction, and verifies the results of the project from four aspects: the coverage ratio of the reference Signal Receiving (signal to interference plus noise ratio) and the system security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN929.11;TN92;U285.5

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