本文選題：無線定位　切入點(diǎn)：時間同步　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和第五代移動通信系統(tǒng)的興起,無線定位對于人們生活越來越重要。無論是室外的路線導(dǎo)航或是空間受限環(huán)境下的安全管理都離不開位置信息。但室外環(huán)境存在衛(wèi)星信號不可得的情況,空間受限環(huán)境受到信號遮擋和多徑的影響。不同的定位場景和系統(tǒng)存在其局限性與技術(shù)要點(diǎn),同時考慮定位精度、設(shè)備成本和算法復(fù)雜度等因素,對于泛在環(huán)境下的無線定位技術(shù)優(yōu)化研究是十分必要的。本文通過查閱文獻(xiàn)并分析現(xiàn)有泛在環(huán)境下定位技術(shù),分別對無線傳感網(wǎng)同步與定位聯(lián)合算法、低軌雙星靜止輻射源定位和移動輻射源跟蹤技術(shù)以及非視距環(huán)境下定位三個方面進(jìn)行了研究,主要的研究內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:(1)在對無線傳感網(wǎng)定位的研究中,同步與定位是其研究的熱點(diǎn),本文考慮錨節(jié)點(diǎn)非同步的情況,提出對錨節(jié)點(diǎn)的時鐘相偏、時鐘頻偏和源節(jié)點(diǎn)未知位置綜合求解的算法。為了降低未知數(shù)個數(shù),將所有錨節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分簇處理,簇內(nèi)節(jié)點(diǎn)存在相同的時鐘相偏和時鐘頻偏,使用到達(dá)時間差方法對方程變形,進(jìn)而消除源節(jié)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致的同步問題。由于泰勒級數(shù)算法的非收斂問題,引入正則化理論對其進(jìn)行修正,最后使用改進(jìn)的泰勒級數(shù)算法求解錨節(jié)點(diǎn)時間參數(shù)與源節(jié)點(diǎn)位置。(2)低軌道衛(wèi)星存在軌道低、數(shù)量多和時延小等特點(diǎn),本文采用低軌雙星時差頻差聯(lián)合算法,考慮衛(wèi)星星歷、衛(wèi)星時鐘和測量等誤差,對于靜止輻射源,將其定位坐標(biāo)與衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)時鐘偏差和頻率偏差使用迭代算法共同求解。對于移動輻射源,借鑒偽距差分算法實(shí)時地對測量值進(jìn)行修正。首先利用已知位置參考站計(jì)算到達(dá)時間差和到達(dá)頻率差的修正參數(shù),然后利用修正參數(shù)修正移動輻射源測量的時間差和頻率差,最后采用擴(kuò)展卡爾曼濾波進(jìn)行位置跟蹤。仿真結(jié)果表明,聯(lián)合參數(shù)算法和差分修正算法可以比未修正時取得更好的效果。(3)在存在參考節(jié)點(diǎn)不足和遮擋的情況下,本文分別引入了改進(jìn)的到達(dá)角度定位方法和協(xié)作定位。協(xié)作定位中的移動終端不僅可以與參考節(jié)點(diǎn)通信還可以與移動節(jié)點(diǎn)通信來降低參考節(jié)點(diǎn)的布設(shè)成本,根據(jù)與待測節(jié)點(diǎn)是否存在視距路徑來選取協(xié)作節(jié)點(diǎn),而改進(jìn)的到達(dá)角度定位算法在于利用參考節(jié)點(diǎn)和移動終端的接收角度協(xié)作關(guān)系,從而獲得一個移動終端可能存在的區(qū)域,最后利用最小二乘求解。仿真表明改進(jìn)的到達(dá)角度定位方法可以取得更好的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:With the rise of the development of Internet technology and the fifth generation mobile communication system, wireless location is important for people living. Whether outdoor or route navigation safety management limited space environment all cannot do without the location information. But the existing outdoor environment satellite signal is available, the limited space environment affected by the signal occlusion and multipath. Some limitations and technical points of different scenarios and positioning system, the positioning accuracy, the equipment cost and the complexity of the algorithm and other factors, the ubiquitous environment of wireless positioning technology optimization research is very necessary. In this paper, through literature review and analysis of existing positioning in the environment of technology, respectively. The wireless sensor network synchronization and location combined algorithm, low orbit binary static emitter location and tracking technology and mobile radiation source under the NLOS environment positioning three aspects For the study, the main research content and innovation points are as follows: (1) in the study of localization in wireless sensor networks, synchronization and localization is the research hotspot, synchronization of non anchor nodes is considered in this paper, the anchor node Shi Zhongxiang offset, frequency offset and clock algorithm for unknown source node position synthesis in order to reduce the number of unknowns, all anchor nodes are grouped into clusters and cluster nodes have the same clock phase offset and clock frequency offset, using time difference method of equations of deformation reach, and eliminate the synchronization problem caused by the source node. Due to the non convergence of Taylor series algorithm, introduce the regularization theory of its finally, using the Taylor series correction algorithm for the anchor node time parameters of the source node and the improvement of the position. (2) low orbit satellite orbit is low, and the number of small delay characteristics, this paper uses low orbit dual star TDOA-FDOA joint count By considering the satellite ephemeris, satellite clock and measurement error for stationary radiation source, the location coordinates and satellite clock offset and frequency offset using the iterative algorithm to solve. For mobile radiation source, from the pseudo range are carried out on the measurement value of real-time algorithm. First use of known position calculating the time difference of arrival and reach the correction parameters of the frequency difference of reference station, and then use the correction parameter correction moving radiation source measuring time difference and the frequency difference, finally using the extended Calman filter for position tracking. The simulation results show that the combined parameter algorithm and differential correction algorithm can obtain better effect than unmodified. (3) in the presence of reference node deficiency and occlusion, this paper introduces the improvement of the angle of arrival positioning method and cooperative localization. Cooperative localization in mobile terminal can not only with the reference node communication We can also reduce the cost of the layout of the reference node and the mobile node communication, to select cooperative nodes in accordance with the unknown node exists beyond the path, and improve the angle of arrival positioning algorithm is to use the reference node and the mobile terminal of the receiving angle of cooperation, so as to obtain a mobile terminal may exist in the region, finally using the least squares method. Simulation results show that the improved method can reach the positioning angle to achieve better results.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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