本文選題：壓縮感知　切入點：層析SAR成像　出處：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：合成孔徑雷達(SAR)三維成像技術(shù)不僅具有傳統(tǒng)SAR系統(tǒng)所具備的全天時、全天候等優(yōu)勢,而且解決了三維成像中將高度向投影到二維平面時產(chǎn)生的疊掩問題,其能將目標高度向與距離向完全分離,實現(xiàn)目標的三維成像。在地形測繪、軍事偵察、資源勘測、災(zāi)害的精準評估以及森林資源與生態(tài)監(jiān)測的動態(tài)監(jiān)測等方面具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景,是成像雷達科學(xué)工作研究者的研究熱點。層析SAR三維成像利用多次航過或者多天線單次航過獲取的同一地區(qū)SAR二維圖像,在距離垂向上運用層析原理進行孔徑合成,從而實現(xiàn)高分辨三維成像。合成孔徑雷達三維成像無須針對飛行器進行飛行軌跡的刻意控制,并且無須進行特定的位置控制,就能具備真正意義上的三維成像能力,在成像雷達中具有很好的應(yīng)用前景。但是,層析SAR三維成像研究不夠成熟,從理論研究到應(yīng)用實現(xiàn)仍需要有很長的發(fā)展過程。最近幾年由于壓縮感知理論的提出,解決了數(shù)據(jù)獲取中必須要滿足奈奎斯特采樣定理而所帶來的數(shù)據(jù)存儲量大和傳輸困難的問題。該理論指出,當信號具有稀疏性時,通過求解非線性最優(yōu)化問題,可以用遠低于奈奎斯特采樣定理對信號進行重構(gòu)。層析SAR三維成像理論中,對目標的觀測數(shù)量遠低于距離垂向上目標(即信號)的點數(shù),但由于距離垂向上的目標(信號)點數(shù)又滿足了稀疏性的特點,因此基于壓縮感知架構(gòu)的層析SAR三維成像理論應(yīng)運而生。本文基于此,針對壓縮感知的層析SAR三維成像開展了深入研究。本文首先研究了層析SAR成像的幾何模型、數(shù)學(xué)模型;針對層析SAR成像的數(shù)學(xué)模型,著重研究基于壓縮感知的層析SAR三維成像方法。以壓縮感知作為基礎(chǔ)理論,分別研究了正交匹配追蹤、正則化正交匹配追蹤、壓縮感知匹配追蹤、廣義正交匹配追蹤等層析SAR成像算法;在研究和分析算法的基礎(chǔ)上,運用仿真數(shù)據(jù)和真實數(shù)據(jù)對這些方法進行驗證。仿真數(shù)據(jù)反映了算法有效性。根據(jù)層析SAR成像的流程,論文還研究了SAR圖像配準方法,并根據(jù)真實數(shù)據(jù)對其進行驗證,得到良好的配準效果。針對真實數(shù)據(jù)的驗證,論文選取了北京地區(qū)鳥巢附近的盤古七星酒店作為研究對象,采用TerraSAR-X數(shù)據(jù)進行試驗,真實數(shù)據(jù)的試驗結(jié)果表明論文方法的合理性。本文的創(chuàng)新點在于:(1)提出基于相關(guān)函數(shù)的圖像精配準方法。該方法首先對圖像粗配準,然后進行分塊插值處理,提高了圖像的配準精度。(2)采用正交匹配追蹤、正則化正交匹配追蹤、壓縮感知匹配、廣義正交匹配等算法進行壓縮感知的仿真,對其重構(gòu)結(jié)果進行對比分析,評價了上述四種算法的優(yōu)劣。
[Abstract]:Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 3D imaging technology not only has the advantages of all-day, all-weather and so on as the traditional SAR system, but also solves the problem of overlay when the height is projected to the two-dimensional plane in 3D imaging. It can completely separate the height and distance of the target and realize the three-dimensional imaging of the target. In topographic mapping, military reconnaissance, resource survey, The accurate assessment of disasters and the dynamic monitoring of forest resources and ecology have wide application prospects. Tomographic SAR 3D imaging is a hot research topic in imaging radar science. Using SAR 2D images of the same area obtained by multiple voyages or single voyage with multiple antennas, the tomography principle is used to synthesize aperture at vertical distance. In order to achieve high resolution 3D imaging, synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 3D imaging does not require deliberate control of the flight trajectory of the aircraft, nor does it require specific position control, in order to have a true three-dimensional imaging capability. It has a good application prospect in imaging radar. However, the study of tomography SAR 3D imaging is not mature enough, and it still needs a long development process from the theoretical research to the application. In recent years, the compression sensing theory has been proposed. The problem of large data storage and difficult transmission caused by Nyquist sampling theorem in data acquisition is solved. The theory points out that when the signal is sparse, the nonlinear optimization problem is solved. The signal can be reconstructed with a far lower sampling theorem than Nyquist. In the theory of SAR tomography, the number of observations on a target is much lower than the number of points in the vertical target (the signal). However, because the number of targets (signals) in vertical distance satisfies the characteristics of sparsity, the theory of three-dimensional tomography (SAR) imaging based on compression sensing architecture emerges as the times require. In this paper, the geometric model and mathematical model of tomography SAR imaging are studied firstly, and the mathematical model of tomographic SAR imaging is also studied. Based on the theory of compressed sensing, orthogonal matching tracking, regularized orthogonal matching tracking and compressed perceptual matching tracking are studied respectively. Based on the research and analysis of the algorithms, these methods are verified by simulation data and real data. The simulation data reflect the validity of the algorithm. According to the process of tomographic SAR imaging, This paper also studies the SAR image registration method, and verifies it according to the real data, and obtains good registration effect. In view of the real data verification, the paper selects the Pangu Seven Star Hotel near the Bird's Nest in Beijing as the research object. The experimental results of TerraSAR-X data show that the method is reasonable. The innovation of this paper lies in: (1) an image registration method based on correlation function is proposed. Then the block interpolation processing is carried out to improve the registration accuracy of the image. The algorithm of orthogonal matching tracking, regularized orthogonal matching tracking, compressed perceptual matching, generalized orthogonal matching and so on is used to simulate the compression perception. The reconstruction results are compared and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the above four algorithms are evaluated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN957.52

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