本文關(guān)鍵詞： 合成孔徑雷達(dá) 數(shù)字高程模型 距離-多普勒定位模型 直接正射校正 間接正射校正　出處：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院遙感與數(shù)字地球研究所)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：由于合成孔徑雷達(dá)(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)側(cè)視成像的成像原理,影像中存在疊掩、陰影和透視收縮等幾何畸變,因此對SAR影像進(jìn)行正射校正有重要的意義。就校正方法而言,對SAR影像進(jìn)行正射校正的方法有很多,基于數(shù)字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)對其進(jìn)行間接正射校正是目前應(yīng)用較多的一類方法,該類考慮到了地形的細(xì)節(jié),校正精度較高。相比之下,SAR影像的直接地理定位方法應(yīng)用的卻比較少,由于其定位精度的不準(zhǔn)確,及校正影像中出現(xiàn)大面積空洞像元的問題,嚴(yán)重影響了直接地理定位方法的應(yīng)用。隨著SAR衛(wèi)星定姿、定軌越來越準(zhǔn)確,SAR影像直接地理定位精度得到大大的提升,且其直觀、簡單、便于理解的特性日益受到人們的關(guān)注,但是,其定位精度究竟如何,較間接校正方法的差異有多大,校正結(jié)果能否直接用于其他應(yīng)用是人們比較關(guān)注的問題;且由于直接校正結(jié)果影像中存在大量的空洞像元,這也從一定程度上制約了其應(yīng)用,傳統(tǒng)的鄰域內(nèi)插的方法只對平坦區(qū)域的零星空洞像元起作用,而對于山區(qū)等地形起伏較大的區(qū)域的大面積空洞像元就顯得有些不足了,這就需要一種新的對大面積空洞像元的處理方法,使其能夠生成與間接校正類似的校正結(jié)果�；诖�,論文提出一種空洞像元處理方法,處理的原則是借附近像元的值進(jìn)行填充,只是內(nèi)插鄰域會根據(jù)空洞區(qū)域的面積自適應(yīng)變大,解決了直接正射校正影像中地形起伏較大的區(qū)域存在大面積空洞像元的問題。同時,給出了基于距離-多普勒(Range Doppler,RD)定位模型及3種不同的后向散射模型的影像模擬結(jié)果,對不同后向散射模型的模擬結(jié)果影像做比較分析,最終,根據(jù)模擬影像完成對SAR影像的校正工作。采用高空間分辨率的光學(xué)衛(wèi)星影像做基準(zhǔn)影像,分別對直接校正與間接校正方法的校正影像做精度評價,評估直接校正與間接校正結(jié)果的幾何精度,并且對兩種方法的校正影像做直觀分析,評估直接校正空洞像元處理效果。結(jié)果表明,直接校正影像精度略低于間接校正精度,但兩者差別不大,兩種方法校正影像誤差均在一個像元之內(nèi);直接校正空洞像元處理后校正影像得到很好的改善,生成與間接校正類似的校正結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Because of the imaging principle of synthetic Aperture Radar synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) side-view imaging, there are geometric distortions such as overlay, shadow and perspective contraction in the image, so it is very important to correct the SAR image by orthography. There are many methods for orthophoto correction of SAR image. Indirect orthophoto correction based on digital elevation model digital Elevation model (DEM) is one of the most widely used methods, which takes into account the details of terrain. The accuracy of correction is relatively high. In contrast, the direct geographical location method of SAR images is less used, because of the inaccuracy of its location accuracy and the problem of large area voids in the corrected images. Along with the attitude determination of SAR satellite, the accuracy of direct geographic location of orbit determination is greatly improved, and the characteristics of direct geographic location, such as intuitive, simple and easy to understand, have been paid more and more attention to. However, the location accuracy and the difference of indirect correction methods are different, and whether the correction results can be directly used in other applications is a problem that people pay more attention to, and because there are a large number of voids in the image of direct correction results, This also restricts its application to a certain extent. The traditional neighborhood interpolation method only works on scattered voids in flat areas, but it is not enough for large area voids in mountainous areas with large topography. This requires a new method to deal with large area voids, which can generate similar correction results as indirect correction. The principle of processing is to fill by the value of nearby pixel, but the interpolation neighborhood will adaptively enlarge according to the area of cavity area, which solves the problem that there is a large area of voids in the region with large terrain fluctuation in the direct orthographic correction image. At the same time, The image simulation results based on range Doppler range Doppler (RD) localization model and three different backscatter models are given. The simulation results of different backscatter models are compared and analyzed. According to the analog image, the correction of SAR image is completed. The optical satellite image with high spatial resolution is used as the reference image, and the accuracy of the correction image of direct correction method and indirect correction method is evaluated respectively. The geometric accuracy of direct correction and indirect correction is evaluated, and the direct correction image is analyzed intuitively to evaluate the effect of direct correction cavity pixel processing. The results show that the accuracy of direct correction image is slightly lower than that of indirect correction. However, the difference between the two methods is not obvious. The error of the two methods is within one pixel, and the correction image after direct correction of cavity pixel is well improved, and the correction result is similar to that of indirect correction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院遙感與數(shù)字地球研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN957.52

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