本文關(guān)鍵詞： 到達(dá)角估計 大規(guī)模天線陣列 波束賦形 陣列分辨率 酉ESPRIT　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大規(guī)模多輸入多輸出(Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output,大規(guī)模 MIMO)技術(shù)是未來第五代移動通信系統(tǒng)的候選技術(shù)之一。通過波束賦形技術(shù)在發(fā)射端對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行先加權(quán)后發(fā)送的操作,使得大規(guī)模MIMO形成窄的發(fā)射波束,將主要能量對準(zhǔn)在接收端的目標(biāo)用戶,提升頻譜資源的復(fù)用能力和各用戶的頻譜效率。成功進(jìn)行波束賦形技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵之一是獲得精確的信源到達(dá)角信息。然而,當(dāng)基站的天線部署從MIMO轉(zhuǎn)變成大規(guī)模MIMO的過程中,對到達(dá)角信息進(jìn)行精確估計的算法提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。盡管現(xiàn)存有多種方法可以進(jìn)行到達(dá)角估計,但采用的研究模型大多限于均勻線陣或簡單的矩形陣列、環(huán)形陣列。在大規(guī)模天線陣列系統(tǒng)的場景下,對二維到達(dá)角估計的研究仍存有較大空白。本文針對大規(guī)模天線陣列系統(tǒng),提出了適用于波束賦形技術(shù)的到達(dá)角估計算法,可以進(jìn)行俯仰角-方位角的二維聯(lián)合估計,算法具有低復(fù)雜度、高估計精度的特點(diǎn)。本文的主要創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)歸納如下:針對三種大規(guī)模天線陣列陣型進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)建模,并對不同陣型的覆蓋能力和角度分辨能力進(jìn)行了比較分析。研究了大規(guī)模天線波束賦形技術(shù)呈現(xiàn)出的新特性:定向波束維度擴(kuò)展和波束分辨能力提高。通過對形成最佳權(quán)向量的三種約束準(zhǔn)則的推導(dǎo),闡明了波束賦形技術(shù)和到達(dá)角估計的關(guān)系。針對波束賦形技術(shù)中的到達(dá)角估計,研究了兩類估計算法:多重信號分類算法(Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC)和借助旋轉(zhuǎn)不變性的信號參數(shù)估計技術(shù)(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques,ESPRIT)。借助數(shù)學(xué)理論推導(dǎo)和實(shí)際室內(nèi)測量數(shù)據(jù),對算法進(jìn)行性能評估并提出大規(guī)模陣列波束賦形中到達(dá)角估計算法的設(shè)計準(zhǔn)則。針對大規(guī)模均勻矩形陣列,采用酉EPSRIT算法實(shí)現(xiàn)俯仰角和方位角的二維聯(lián)合估計。因?yàn)樗惴ň哂懈呔取⒌蛷?fù)雜度、去相干、對二維角度自動配對等優(yōu)點(diǎn),使到達(dá)角的估計性能在大規(guī)模天線陣下的表現(xiàn)十分優(yōu)異。利用蒙特卡洛仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),深入研究了天線陣型、信源數(shù)量和陣元數(shù)目對算法性能的影響。根據(jù)性能分析,在大規(guī)模天線陣列中,方位角比俯仰角更容易受到天線陣型的影響。提出以陣列分辨率為準(zhǔn)則分析俯仰角和方位角在角度估計性能上出現(xiàn)的差異,并通過理論推導(dǎo)進(jìn)行量化表達(dá)。最后,借助對到達(dá)角估計特性的研究,為大規(guī)模天線陣列的部署設(shè)計提出了可行的方案。
[Abstract]:Large-scale Multiple Input Multiple output (Mimo) technology is one of the candidate technologies for future fifth-generation mobile communication systems. This allows the large-scale MIMO to form a narrow transmit beam, focusing the main energy on the target user at the receiving end. One of the keys to the successful beamforming technology is to obtain accurate source angle of arrival information. However, when the antenna deployment of the base station changes from MIMO to large-scale MIMO, one of the keys is to improve the multiplexing ability of spectrum resources and the spectrum efficiency of each user. The algorithm for accurate estimation of angle of arrival information presents a new challenge. Although there are many methods to estimate the angle of arrival, most of the research models used are limited to uniform linear arrays or simple rectangular arrays. Ring array. In the scene of large-scale antenna array system, there is still a large gap in the research of two-dimensional angle of arrival estimation. In this paper, an algorithm of angle of arrival estimation suitable for beamforming technology is proposed for large-scale antenna array system. Two dimensional joint estimation of pitch angle and azimuth angle can be carried out. The algorithm has the characteristics of low complexity and high estimation accuracy. The main innovations of this paper are summarized as follows: three kinds of large-scale antenna array arrays are systematically modeled. The coverage and angular resolution of different formations are compared and analyzed. The new characteristics of large scale antenna beamforming technology are studied: directional beam dimensionality expansion and beam resolution improvement. The derivation of three kinds of constraint criteria for the optimal weight vector, The relationship between beamforming technique and angle of arrival estimation is clarified. Two kinds of estimation algorithms are studied in this paper: multiple Signal classification algorithm and signal parameter estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance estimation technique. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated and the design criteria of angle of arrival estimation algorithm in large scale array beamforming are proposed. The joint estimation of pitch angle and azimuth angle is realized by using unitary EPSRIT algorithm, because the algorithm has the advantages of high accuracy, low complexity, de-coherence, automatic pairing of two-dimensional angle, etc. The estimation performance of the angle of arrival is very good under the large-scale antenna array. The effects of antenna formation, number of sources and number of elements on the performance of the algorithm are studied by Monte Carlo simulation. In large scale antenna arrays, azimuth is more likely to be affected by antenna array than pitch angle than pitch angle. The difference between pitch angle and azimuth angle in angle estimation is analyzed using array resolution as the criterion. Finally, with the help of the research on the characteristics of angle of arrival estimation, a feasible scheme for the deployment of large antenna array is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN919.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 胡安中;大規(guī)模MIMO系統(tǒng)的信道與DOA估計研究[D];北京郵電大學(xué);2014年

2 曾云寶;智能天線波束賦形算法研究[D];北京郵電大學(xué);2006年

3 王建英;陣列信號多參量聯(lián)合估計技術(shù)研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2000年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 甘昶;LTE多天線系統(tǒng)信道估計及波束賦形技術(shù)研究[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2012年

2 潘水君;典型空間譜估計算法性能分析[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

3 趙輝;智能天線波束賦形及波達(dá)方向估計研究[D];江蘇大學(xué);2010年

4 趙蘭嵐;智能天線自適應(yīng)波束形成算法的研究[D];天津大學(xué);2009年

5 徐青;基于均勻圓陣的DOA估計算法研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2008年

6 張勝男;基于平行因子分析的陣列參數(shù)估計[D];南京航空航天大學(xué);2008年

7 付曉蕾;智能天線DOA估計及自適應(yīng)波束形成技術(shù)研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2007年

8 謝曉紅;FDD系統(tǒng)中基于DOA估計的下行波束形成技術(shù)研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2007年

9 張娟;智能天線中DOA估計算法的研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2006年

10 王姝;寬帶信號DOA估計和DBF技術(shù)算法研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2005年

，

本文編號：1530855