強(qiáng)相互作用力（也被稱為核力）,是自然界四種基本相互作用力之一,它將核子（質(zhì)子與中子）束縛形成原子核并支配著自然界中90%以上的可見物質(zhì)。量子色動力學(xué)（Quantum Chromodynamics,QCD）是描述強(qiáng)作用力的現(xiàn)代理論。組成物質(zhì)的基本單元—夸克與膠子,被強(qiáng)作用力禁閉在核子中,因此在自然界沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)自由的夸克與膠子。高溫高密核物質(zhì)相圖是核物理研究領(lǐng)域的前沿和熱點。格點QCD預(yù)言在高溫低重子密度區(qū)域,強(qiáng)子物質(zhì)和夸克膠子等離子體之間發(fā)生的相變是平滑穿越,而基于量子色動力學(xué)（QCD）有效模型計算表明在高重子密度區(qū)域,他們之間是—階相變。因此,如果平滑穿越和—階相變邊界真的如理論所預(yù)言,那么在—階相變邊界延伸到平滑穿越區(qū)—定會存在—個終結(jié)點,被稱為QCD相變臨界點。QCD臨界點的實驗確認(rèn)將是探索強(qiáng)相互作用物質(zhì)相結(jié)構(gòu)的里程碑,具有重要科學(xué)意義。為了在這一具有潛在重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的研究方向上占據(jù)領(lǐng)先地位、取得突破,各個國家紛紛建造大型粒子探測器、開展重離子碰撞實驗（包括:美國RHIC-STAR能量掃描實驗,德國CBM實驗、俄羅斯NICA實驗、日本J-PARC實驗以及中國蘭州CSR外靶CEE實驗）,其... 

【文章來源】：華中師范大學(xué)湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：116 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
1 Introduction
    1.1 Quantum Chromodynamics
    1.2 QCD Phase Transition and Critical Point
    1.3 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
    1.4 Critical Signature
    1.5 Experimental Observables
    1.6 Definition of Statistical Observables
        1.6.1 Moments
        1.6.2 Cumulants
        1.6.3 Properities of Cumulants
        1.6.4 Factorial Moments
        1.6.5 Correlation Functions
    1.7 Statistical Baseline
        1.7.1 Binomial Distribution
        1.7.2 Poisson Distribution
        1.7.3 Skellam Distribution
        1.7.4 Gaussian Distribution
2 The STAR Experiment
    2.1 The Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC)
    2.2 The STAR Detector
        2.2.1 Time Projection Chamber(TPC)
        2.2.2 Time of Flight (TOF)
        2.2.3 Vertex Position Detector (VPD)
    2.3 The Fixed-Target(FXT)Program at STAR
3 Analysis Details
    3.1 Data Sets
        3.1.1 Run by Run QA
        3.1.2 Signed DCA_(xy) Cuts
        3.1.3 Event Selection
        3.1.4 Track Quality Cuts
    3.2 Particle Indentification
        3.2.1 For Au+Au Collisions
        3.2.2 For Fixed-Target Collisions
        3.2.3 For Cu+Cu collisions
    3.3 Centrality Determination
        3.3.1 For Au+Au Collisions
        3.3.2 For Fixed-Target Collisions
        3.3.3 For Cu+Cu Collisions
    3.4 Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions
        3.4.1 For Au+Au Collisions
        3.4.2 For Fixed-Target Collisions
        3.4.3 For Cu+Cu Collisions
    3.5 Centrality Bin Width Correction
    3.6 Efficiency Correction
        3.6.1 For Au+ Au Collisions
        3.6.2 For Fixed-Target Collisions
    3.7 Uncertainty Estimation
        3.7.1 Statistical Error Estimation
        3.7.2 Systematic Error Estimation
        3.7.3 Barlow Check on Net-Proton Systematic Errors
    3.8 Model Study
        3.8.1 Hadron Resonance Gas Model
        3.8.2 UrQMD Model
4 Results
    4.1 Results for Au+Au collisions
        4.1.1 Centrality Dependence
        4.1.2 Rapidity Dependence
        4.1.3 Transverse Momentum (p_T) Dependence
        4.1.4 Acceptance Dependence
        4.1.5 Energy Dependence
    4.2 Results for Fixed-Target Collisions
    4.3 Cumulants and Cumulant Ratios for Cu+Cu collisions
5 Summary and Outlook
    5.1 Summary
    5.2 Future Prospects
Reference
Publications and Presentations
Acknowledgements
Appendix
    A Formula
        A.1 Formula for Moments
        A.2 Formula for Cumulants
        A.3 Relationship between Cumulants and Moments
        A.4 Formula for Factorial Moments
        A.5 Formula for Correlation Function
        A.6 Formula for Moments of Binomial Distributions
        A.7 Formula for Cumulants of Binomial Distributions
    B Tables for Details



本文編號：3243397