發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-06 10:55

【摘要】：量子力學(xué)的建立不僅奠定了當(dāng)代科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ),而且在推動(dòng)當(dāng)代技術(shù)革命方面取得了驚人的成功。然而,對(duì)于量子力學(xué)詮釋(interpretation of quantum mechanics)——理解波函數(shù)如何刻畫(huà)微觀世界,人們迄今為止并未形成共識(shí)。量子力學(xué)發(fā)展的這種二元狀態(tài)不僅帶來(lái)了認(rèn)識(shí)論方面的誤導(dǎo),而且依據(jù)備受爭(zhēng)議的哥本哈根詮釋建立起來(lái)的量子技術(shù)會(huì)有許多根本性問(wèn)題。量子力學(xué)的哥本哈根詮釋存在二元結(jié)構(gòu)的問(wèn)題:微觀世界的運(yùn)動(dòng)用量子力學(xué)描述,是一個(gè)幺正演化,而觀察或測(cè)量卻依賴于量子系統(tǒng)外部的經(jīng)典世界(儀器、觀察者、環(huán)境),表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的波包塌縮是非幺正的。為此,包括愛(ài)因斯坦、薛定諤、溫伯格等在內(nèi)的一些著名學(xué)者對(duì)哥本哈根詮釋提出了尖銳的批評(píng)。80年過(guò)去了,為克服量子力學(xué)的哥本哈根詮釋二元論困境,人們提出各種各樣的量子力學(xué)詮釋,包括多世界詮釋、量子退相干詮釋、自洽歷史詮釋以及量子達(dá)爾文主義等。文章將簡(jiǎn)要介紹和評(píng)述這些量子力學(xué)詮釋的基本思想、它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系及其實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)的可能性。進(jìn)一步澄清量子力學(xué)詮釋中的基本概念,可以避免量子觀念濫用導(dǎo)致的意識(shí)論上的問(wèn)題和量子技術(shù)發(fā)展誤入歧途。
[Abstract]:The establishment of quantum mechanics not only laid the foundation of contemporary science, but also achieved remarkable success in promoting the contemporary technological revolution. However, there is no consensus on how quantum mechanics interprets (interpretation of quantum mechanics)-how wave functions depict the microcosm. This dual state of quantum mechanics not only leads to the misdirection of epistemology, but also has many fundamental problems in the quantum technology based on the controversial interpretation of Copenhagen. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics has the problem of dualistic structure: the movement of the micro-world is described by quantum mechanics and is a unitary evolution, while observation or measurement depends on the classical world (instrumentation, observer) outside the quantum system. Environment), showing that the wave packet collapse is not unitary. For this reason, some famous scholars, including Einstein, Schrodinger, Weinberg, and so on, have made sharp criticisms of the Copenhagen interpretation. 80 years later, in order to overcome the dualism dilemma of Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, Various interpretations of quantum mechanics have been proposed, including multi-world interpretation, quantum decoherence interpretation, self-consistent historical interpretation and quantum Darwinism. This paper will briefly introduce and comment on the basic ideas of these interpretations of quantum mechanics, the logical relations between them and the possibility of experimental examination. Further clarification of the basic concepts in the interpretation of quantum mechanics can avoid the problem of consciousness caused by the abuse of quantum concepts and the misguided development of quantum technology.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)工程物理研究院研究生院;北京計(jì)算科學(xué)研究中心;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金創(chuàng)新研究群體(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):11421063)資助項(xiàng)目 NSAF基金-科學(xué)研究中心項(xiàng)目(面向重大需求的理論物理研究)
【分類號(hào)】：O413.1

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