發(fā)布時間：2019-07-03 09:39

【摘要】：21世紀(jì)以來,我國的經(jīng)濟正處于飛速發(fā)展并轉(zhuǎn)軌的時期,大中型城市中重特大火災(zāi)時常發(fā)生。在復(fù)雜的滅火救援的環(huán)境中,我們必須面對一個嚴(yán)肅的現(xiàn)狀：我國廣大的消防員在執(zhí)行任務(wù)中出現(xiàn)的傷亡比例正在逐步的增加。如何能完成好救災(zāi)滅火任務(wù),又能夠保證好自身的生命安全,減少自身傷亡,是當(dāng)今智能化時代的趨勢。本課題主要是針對消防員在火場環(huán)境中人身安全問題,提出了一種基于ZigBee技術(shù)的面向消防員室內(nèi)無線定位系統(tǒng)的研究與實現(xiàn)。 首先,本文應(yīng)用ZigBee無線通信技術(shù)實現(xiàn)了消防員室內(nèi)無線定位技術(shù)。在該系統(tǒng)中,終端節(jié)點可以向路由器發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),路由器可以轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)：系統(tǒng)利用ZigBee組網(wǎng)特性,從數(shù)據(jù)包中提取RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication)值,作為發(fā)射結(jié)點與接收節(jié)點之間距離的參考,利用定位算法計算出未知節(jié)點的位置。其次,考慮到基于ZigBee技術(shù)的消防員室內(nèi)無線定位系統(tǒng)的精度不高,系統(tǒng)中基于誤差產(chǎn)生原因設(shè)計出一種距離與RSSI區(qū)間映射原理的算法,繼而提出了基于RSSI-COR-DIS模型改進定位算法,該算法適應(yīng)不同的復(fù)雜環(huán)境,理論上,在消防員火場中有很好的可建性。為了完善系統(tǒng),還對實際路由節(jié)點位置安放對未知節(jié)點位置定位影響進行討論,初步得出在何種情況下可以得到良好的定位效果。除此之外,為了實現(xiàn)三維定位,設(shè)計出一種測量高度的簡易方法；相對一些三維定位,該方法不僅實現(xiàn)簡單,而且準(zhǔn)確度高。最后,為了實現(xiàn)火場救援的消防員位置實時監(jiān)控,設(shè)計并制作了實時監(jiān)控軟件；該軟件是通過RS232串口線連接PC和ZigBee系統(tǒng)中的協(xié)調(diào)器。安裝和使用之后,可以實現(xiàn)對呼救消防員實施救援,指揮中心還可以根據(jù)消防員發(fā)回的火場溫度數(shù)據(jù)判斷火場環(huán)境,并指揮火場救援活動。 文章在最后還列出了進一步開發(fā)需要開展的工作,指出了消防員室內(nèi)無線定位技術(shù)系統(tǒng)有待解決和完善的問題,提出了擴展定位系統(tǒng)性能和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的幾點意見,引出了后續(xù)系統(tǒng)改進的一些建議。
[Abstract]:Since the 21 st century, China's economy is in a period of rapid development and transition, and serious fires often occur in large and medium-sized cities. In the complex fire fighting and rescue environment, we must face a serious situation: the proportion of casualties among firefighters in our country is gradually increasing. How to complete the task of disaster relief and fire extinguishing, but also to ensure their own life safety and reduce their own casualties, is the trend of the intelligent era. In this paper, aiming at the personal safety of firefighters in fire environment, a research and implementation of indoor wireless positioning system for firefighters based on ZigBee technology is proposed. First of all, this paper uses ZigBee wireless communication technology to achieve firefighters indoor wireless positioning technology. In this system, the terminal node can send data to the router, and the router can forward the data: the system uses the ZigBee networking characteristics to extract the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) value from the packet as a reference for the distance between the transmitting node and the receiving node, and calculates the location of the unknown node by using the location algorithm. Secondly, considering that the accuracy of fireman indoor wireless positioning system based on ZigBee technology is not high, an algorithm based on the principle of distance and RSSI interval mapping is designed based on the cause of error, and then an improved location algorithm based on RSSI-COR-DIS model is proposed, which adapts to different complex environments and has good constructability in firemen's fire field in theory. In order to perfect the system, the influence of the location of the actual routing node on the location of the unknown node is also discussed, and the good positioning effect can be obtained under what circumstances. In addition, in order to realize 3D positioning, a simple method for measuring height is designed. Compared with some 3D positioning, this method is not only simple, but also accurate. Finally, in order to realize the real-time monitoring of firefighters' position in fire field rescue, a real-time monitoring software is designed and fabricated, which is the coordinator of PC and ZigBee system through RS232 serial port line. After installation and use, the rescue can be carried out for firefighters calling for help. The command center can also judge the fire environment according to the fire temperature data sent back by firefighters, and direct the fire rescue activities. Finally, the paper lists the work that needs to be carried out in the further development, points out the problems to be solved and perfected in the indoor wireless positioning technology system of firemen, puts forward some suggestions on expanding the performance and application field of the positioning system, and leads to some suggestions for the improvement of the follow-up system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN92

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