發(fā)布時間：2018-07-20 12:14

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭中,狙擊手的存在對士兵的安全產(chǎn)生了非常嚴重的威脅。在維和、維穩(wěn)等各項軍事行動中,狙擊手定位已經(jīng)成為保護士兵不受敵方狙擊手威脅的基本任務(wù)。為了準確、及時、快速地發(fā)現(xiàn)并殲滅敵方狙擊手,形形色色的反狙擊手系統(tǒng)就應(yīng)運而生了。狙擊手聲學探測系統(tǒng)作為一種目前價格最低廉、定位準確的狙擊手定位系統(tǒng),已經(jīng)被很多國家開發(fā)研制并且廣泛地推廣使用。本文研制了一種可以實時探測狙擊手開槍位置的狙擊手聲學定位系統(tǒng)試驗樣機。首先對步槍射擊時產(chǎn)生的兩種聲學物理特征(彈道沖擊波和槍口爆炸波)進行了分析,并依此設(shè)計了目標測距算法和空間任意四元陣被動測向算法。硬件系統(tǒng)采用模塊化設(shè)計,詳細描述信號調(diào)理器設(shè)計、DSP信號處理電路設(shè)計、姿態(tài)方位儀模塊與WIFI模塊接口設(shè)計和系統(tǒng)電源管理等,并且完成系統(tǒng)的PCB設(shè)計制作和各模塊的調(diào)試。系統(tǒng)以TMS320F28335為信號處理核心,信號經(jīng)由駐極體傳聲器到信號調(diào)理器電路進行放大濾波后,進入A/D采集器,將采集到的信號送入DSP進行信號檢測與識別和目標定位解算,姿態(tài)方位儀模塊將提供當前麥克風陣列的姿態(tài)和方位信息,以供系統(tǒng)解算目標在大地坐標的下的方位信息,最后將結(jié)算結(jié)果通過WIFI模塊傳送至Android手機顯示平臺。系統(tǒng)采用可折疊式的陣列結(jié)構(gòu),內(nèi)置鋰離子電池供電,優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)各模塊的供電結(jié)構(gòu),實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)低功耗、高集成化和便攜化。設(shè)計選用已經(jīng)廣泛使用的Android手機作為系統(tǒng)的可視化顯示平臺,并開發(fā)了相應(yīng)的Android手機顯示軟件。最后,對定位系統(tǒng)進行了整體外場測試。在外場環(huán)境比較惡劣的情況下,系統(tǒng)在不同的陣列擺放角度下,測量方位角的均方差不超過5°;在300m范圍內(nèi)的不同距離上,系統(tǒng)的測向均方差也不超過5°,證明了定位系統(tǒng)具有較高的定位精度和很好的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:In modern warfare, the presence of snipers poses a serious threat to the security of soldiers. In peacekeeping, maintenance and other military operations, sniper positioning has become a basic task to protect soldiers from the threat of enemy snipers. In order to detect and annihilate the enemy sniper accurately, timely and quickly, various anti-sniper systems emerge as the times require. As one of the cheapest and accurate sniper positioning systems, sniper acoustic detection system has been developed and widely used in many countries. In this paper, an experimental prototype of sniper acoustic positioning system is developed, which can detect sniper shooting position in real time. Firstly, two kinds of acoustic physical characteristics (ballistic shock wave and muzzle explosion wave) produced by rifle firing are analyzed, and the target ranging algorithm and the space arbitrary quaternion array passive direction finding algorithm are designed. The hardware system adopts modularization design, describes the signal regulator design and DSP signal processing circuit design in detail, the interface design of attitude azimuth instrument module and WiFi module and the system power management, and completes the PCB design and debugging of the system. The system takes TMS320F28335 as the signal processing core, the signal is amplified and filtered by electret microphone to the signal regulator circuit, then enters the Ar / D collector, and sends the collected signal into the DSP for signal detection and recognition and target location calculation. The attitude and azimuth module will provide the attitude and azimuth information of the current microphone array for the system to calculate the azimuth information of the target under the geodetic coordinates. Finally, the settlement results will be transmitted to the Android mobile phone display platform through the WiFi module. The system adopts a foldable array structure with a built-in lithium ion battery to supply power, and optimizes the power supply structure of each module of the system. The system achieves low power consumption, high integration and portability. The Android mobile phone, which has been widely used in the design, is selected as the visual display platform of the system, and the corresponding Android mobile phone display software is developed. Finally, the whole external field of the positioning system is tested. The mean deviation of the measurement of azimuth is not more than 5 擄under different array placement angles, and at different distances in the range of 300 m, when the field environment is relatively harsh, the mean deviation of the measurement azimuth is not more than 5 擄. The RMS of the system is also less than 5 擄, which proves that the positioning system has high positioning accuracy and good stability.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP311.52;TN92

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本文編號：2133480