本文選題：成像式光電容積描記技術(shù)　切入點(diǎn)：非接觸式　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：成像式光電容積描記(imaging photoplethysmography, IPPG)技術(shù)是近幾年在傳統(tǒng)光電容積描記(PPG)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種非接觸式生理信號(hào)檢測(cè)技術(shù)。IPPG技術(shù)以其非接觸測(cè)量、低成本、易操作等特點(diǎn)，尤其是非接觸測(cè)量方式使其能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)一些特定情況下的臨床及日常檢測(cè)，如被檢測(cè)部位具有開(kāi)放性傷口及運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下的生理信號(hào)檢測(cè)，已成為儀器及生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程領(lǐng)域的新興研究熱點(diǎn)之一。目前雖然已通過(guò)IPPG技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一些重要生理信號(hào)的測(cè)量，如心率、呼吸率等，但其在更穩(wěn)定、更全面的生理信號(hào)測(cè)量等方面還存在一些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題有待解決。 本文在系統(tǒng)分析IPPG技術(shù)的光學(xué)及生理學(xué)原理的基礎(chǔ)上，討論了IPPG的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，對(duì)IPPG技術(shù)中存在的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析總結(jié)并提出了相應(yīng)的解決辦法。本文開(kāi)展的具體研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)果如下所述： (1)從光學(xué)與生理學(xué)角度出發(fā)對(duì)IPPG技術(shù)的進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，在此基礎(chǔ)上，分析了IPPG的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，對(duì)IPPG技術(shù)中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)包括測(cè)量部位選取、不同生理參數(shù)對(duì)成像設(shè)備性能要求、視頻圖像信號(hào)處理等技術(shù)進(jìn)行了分析總結(jié)，并指出了其存在的主要問(wèn)題。 (2)對(duì)IPPG系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合血氧飽和度測(cè)量原理，指出現(xiàn)有IPPG系統(tǒng)由于易受環(huán)境光干擾而不適合進(jìn)行血氧飽和度的提取。針對(duì)于現(xiàn)有IPPG系統(tǒng)的不足，提出了采用窄帶濾光片結(jié)合雙低照度CCD的視頻采集方案，并從硬件及軟件兩方面設(shè)計(jì)了適合于血氧飽和度測(cè)量的IPPG系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)分析血氧飽和度參數(shù)R與PPG系統(tǒng)測(cè)得血氧飽和度值的線性度確定了血氧飽和度測(cè)量雙波長(zhǎng)520nm與660nm。 (3)對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)的IPPG系統(tǒng)在血氧飽和度測(cè)量方面的可行性及性能進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。設(shè)計(jì)了屏息及靜息狀態(tài)下的兩種不同實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過(guò)屏息實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)血氧飽和度經(jīng)驗(yàn)常數(shù)進(jìn)行了標(biāo)定，并利用已標(biāo)定的IPPG系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)PPG系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比測(cè)試。研究結(jié)果表明自主設(shè)計(jì)的IPPG系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)環(huán)境光下的血氧飽和度測(cè)量，并且與PPG系統(tǒng)在心率及血氧飽和度測(cè)量方面具有較高的一致性，，誤差在4%以內(nèi)。研究結(jié)果拓展了IPPG技術(shù)在生理信號(hào)測(cè)量方面的應(yīng)用。 (4)在上述研究基礎(chǔ)上，分析了低端彩色成像設(shè)備在血氧飽和度測(cè)量方面的可行性與局限性。根據(jù)彩色成像設(shè)備RGB三通道成像特點(diǎn)，提出利用成像設(shè)備的紅、藍(lán)兩通道來(lái)代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)PPG信號(hào)的紅及紅外兩通道信號(hào)的血氧飽和度提取方法，同時(shí)搭建了基于彩色CCD的非接觸式血氧飽和度測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)及分析結(jié)果表明：基于彩色相機(jī)的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)受紅、藍(lán)通道帶寬較寬的限制，其測(cè)量結(jié)果雖能體現(xiàn)出血氧飽和度的變化，但測(cè)量結(jié)果誤差較大，不適合應(yīng)用于日常及臨床監(jiān)護(hù)。 (5)進(jìn)行了IPPG技術(shù)在脈搏變異信號(hào)(pulse rate variability, PRV)檢測(cè)方面的可行性分析，搭建了基于高速成像設(shè)備的IPPG系統(tǒng)，分別利用時(shí)域、頻域及時(shí)頻聯(lián)合分析的方法對(duì)系統(tǒng)測(cè)得的脈搏變異信號(hào)進(jìn)行了分析。通過(guò)與傳統(tǒng)PPG系統(tǒng)、心電信號(hào)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)(ECG)所測(cè)得的結(jié)果對(duì)比分析，結(jié)果表明IPPG系統(tǒng)與上述兩系統(tǒng)在脈搏變異信號(hào)測(cè)量方面具有較高的一致性。研究結(jié)果證明IPPG系統(tǒng)在高速信號(hào)采集方面的技術(shù)可行性，并指出其有望應(yīng)用于脈搏波傳遞時(shí)間、血壓等的測(cè)量。上述研究為早日實(shí)現(xiàn)多種生理信號(hào)同時(shí)測(cè)量的IPPG系統(tǒng)提供了理論及技術(shù)支持。 (6)為提高IPPG系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力，重點(diǎn)探討了盲源分離技術(shù)在IPPG系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)偽差消除方面的應(yīng)用。針對(duì)彩色成像設(shè)備采集到的RGB三通道信號(hào)特點(diǎn)，提出采用敏感區(qū)域跟蹤匹配結(jié)合獨(dú)立分析的方法去除運(yùn)動(dòng)偽差；針對(duì)黑白成像設(shè)備采集單色信號(hào)特點(diǎn)，在信號(hào)后期處理階段采用單通道獨(dú)立分量分析的方法，成功分離出了脈搏波信號(hào)。利用該方法提取出的心率信息與傳統(tǒng)PPG系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)結(jié)果具有較好的一致性，這一結(jié)果表明IPPG系統(tǒng)在心率信號(hào)測(cè)量方面具有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力。
[Abstract]:IPPG is a kind of non - contact physiological signal detection technique developed on the basis of traditional photoelectric volume tracing ( PPG ) technology in recent years . The IPPG technique is one of the hot topics in the field of instrument and biomedical engineering .

Based on the systematic analysis of the optical and physiological principles of IPPG technology , this paper discusses the technical features of IPPG , analyzes the key problems existing in IPPG technology , and puts forward some solutions . The specific research contents and results are as follows :

( 1 ) Based on the detailed analysis of IPPG technology from the point of view of optics and physiology , this paper analyzes the technical features of IPPG , analyzes the key technologies in IPPG technology , including measurement site selection , different physiological parameters , analyzes and summarizes the performance requirements of imaging equipment , video image signal processing and so on , and points out its main problems .

( 2 ) Based on the analysis of key technologies of IPPG system , combined with the principle of blood oxygen saturation measurement , it is pointed out that the existing IPPG system is not suitable for the extraction of blood oxygen saturation due to the disturbance of ambient light .

( 3 ) The feasibility and the performance of IPPG system in the measurement of blood oxygen saturation were studied experimentally . Two different experiments were carried out in breath - hold and resting state . The experimental results show that the self - designed IPPG system can realize the measurement of blood oxygen saturation under ambient light . The results show that the self - designed IPPG system has high consistency in the measurement of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation , and the error is within 4 % . The results of the study have expanded the application of IPPG technique in physiological signal measurement .

( 4 ) Based on the above research , the feasibility and limitation of the low - end color imaging equipment in the measurement of blood oxygen saturation are analyzed . According to the characteristics of RGB three - channel imaging of color imaging equipment , the red and blue channels of the imaging equipment are used to replace the blood oxygen saturation extraction method of the red and infrared two - channel signals of the traditional PPG signal .

( 5 ) The feasibility of IPPG technique in pulse rate variability ( PRV ) detection is analyzed . The pulse variation signal is analyzed by means of time - domain and frequency - domain time - frequency joint analysis . The results show that the IPPG system has high consistency in pulse variation signal measurement . The results show that the IPPG system is hopeful to be applied to the measurement of pulse wave delivery time , blood pressure , etc . The research provides the theory and technical support for the early realization of multiple physiological signals .

( 6 ) In order to improve the practical application ability of IPPG system , the application of blind source separation technology in the elimination of motion artifacts in IPPG system is discussed .
A single - channel independent component analysis method is adopted in the post - processing stage of signal to successfully separate the pulse wave signal . The result shows that the IPPG system has strong practical application ability in the measurement of heart rate signal .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN911.23

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