本文關(guān)鍵詞：高分辨成像中的GPS和IMU應(yīng)用研究　出處：《國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 調(diào)頻連續(xù)波合成孔徑雷達(dá) 距離徙動(dòng)算法 全球定位系統(tǒng) 慣性測(cè)量 單元 運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償 高分辨成像

【摘要】：近年來(lái)SAR系統(tǒng)向著小型化和高分辨的方向發(fā)展,運(yùn)動(dòng)誤差對(duì)成像的影響越來(lái)越突出,精確的運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償成為高分辨SAR成像工作的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。GPS和IMU等運(yùn)動(dòng)傳感器可以直接測(cè)量雷達(dá)天線相位中心的運(yùn)動(dòng)信息,在SAR系統(tǒng)中廣泛使用。其中GPS的定位誤差不會(huì)因時(shí)間累積而發(fā)散,但是數(shù)據(jù)率較低,且在非差分模式下定位精度較差;IMU的定位信息具有高精度、高數(shù)據(jù)率的長(zhǎng)處卻也存在誤差隨時(shí)間累積的弊端。將GPS和IMU數(shù)據(jù)融合成為高分辨SAR運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償?shù)闹饕芯糠较颉１疚闹饕芯苛耸褂肎PS和IMU單元——加速度計(jì)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償實(shí)現(xiàn)高分辨SAR成像的方法。為完成數(shù)據(jù)融合的目的,先后對(duì)結(jié)合運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償?shù)某上袼惴�、GPS和加速度計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理以及插值的融合方法進(jìn)行了探索和研究。具體的研究?jī)?nèi)容和取得的研究成果如下:(1)對(duì)FMCW SAR回波和運(yùn)動(dòng)誤差建模,分析高分辨SAR對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償?shù)木纫?研究精確聚焦的RMA成像算法,在已有改進(jìn)算法的基礎(chǔ)上,增加基于回波數(shù)據(jù)的自聚焦補(bǔ)償剩余相位誤差,并估計(jì)運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)補(bǔ)償距離空變誤差,提出改進(jìn)的RMA算法作為運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償實(shí)現(xiàn)的算法平臺(tái)。(2)研究了GPS和加速度計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理流程,在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了GPS和加速度計(jì)定位的性能,為后續(xù)研究GPS和加速度計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)融合方法提供技術(shù)支撐。分析運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下重力加速度分量對(duì)定位的巨大影響,研究了運(yùn)動(dòng)中加速度計(jì)重力分量的補(bǔ)償方法,提出了利用GPS信息估計(jì)重力加速度分量的方法。(3)提出了兩種加速度計(jì)與GPS數(shù)據(jù)融合的插值方法,在理論分析基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)比實(shí)測(cè)定位數(shù)據(jù)比較了兩種插值融合方法的效果。最后將兩種數(shù)據(jù)融合方法用于運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償中,與單獨(dú)使用GPS的運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了基于位置插值的融合方法在精確運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償中的有效性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, SAR system has been developing towards miniaturization and high resolution. The effect of motion error on imaging is becoming more and more prominent. Precise motion compensation has become the focus and difficulty of high-resolution SAR imaging. The motion sensors such as GPS and IMU can directly measure the motion information of the phase center of radar antenna. It is widely used in SAR system, in which the positioning error of GPS does not diverge due to time accumulation, but the data rate is low, and the positioning accuracy is poor in the non-differential mode. The location information of IMU has high accuracy. The advantage of high data rate also has the disadvantage of error accumulation over time. Fusion of GPS and IMU data is the main research direction of high resolution SAR motion compensation. This paper mainly studies the use of GPS and IMU. The method of realizing high-resolution SAR imaging by motion compensation with element-accelerometer, for the purpose of data fusion. The imaging algorithm combined with motion compensation has been studied. The data preprocessing of GPS and accelerometer and the fusion method of interpolation are explored and studied. The specific research contents and results obtained are as follows: 1). The FMCW SAR echo and motion error are modeled. The requirement of high resolution SAR for motion compensation is analyzed. The RMA imaging algorithm with precise focus is studied. Based on the existing improved algorithm, the residual phase error is compensated by self-focusing based on echo data, and the motion parameters are estimated to compensate the range space variation error. An improved RMA algorithm is proposed as an algorithm platform to realize motion compensation. The data preprocessing flow of GPS and accelerometer is studied. Based on this, the performance of GPS and accelerometer positioning is analyzed. It provides technical support for further research on GPS and accelerometer data fusion method, analyzes the great influence of gravity acceleration component on positioning under moving state, and studies the compensation method of accelerometer gravity component in motion. A method of estimating the acceleration component of gravity using GPS information is proposed. Two interpolation methods for fusion of accelerometers and GPS data are proposed. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the effects of two interpolation fusion methods are compared by comparing the measured location data. Finally, the two data fusion methods are used in motion compensation, and compared with the motion compensation using GPS alone. The validity of the fusion method based on position interpolation in accurate motion compensation is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.52

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