本文選題：LAMOST + 大樣本巡天　； 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：大天區(qū)視場多目標光纖光譜天文望遠鏡(LAMOST)是國家九五大科學(xué)工程之一,是上個世紀由我國以王綬t/、蘇定強為首的天文學(xué)家根據(jù)天文學(xué)界大樣本光譜觀測的需要,創(chuàng)新性的提出的大口徑兼?zhèn)浯笠晥龅拇笮凸鈱W(xué)望遠鏡。LAMOST項目1997年由國家計劃批準立項,2001年8月正式開工,2008年8月落成,2009年6月4日在中國科學(xué)院國家天文臺興隆觀測基地順利通過國家竣工驗收,2010年4月17日由國家天文臺在興隆觀測站舉行了冠名儀式,將LAMOST命名為“郭守敬望遠鏡”。目前,望遠鏡即將由試觀測階段進入正式巡天階段。LAMOST成功突破了大口徑與大視場難以兼?zhèn)涞钠款i,成為國際上繼SDSS數(shù)字巡天和2dF巡天之后最受矚目的巡天望遠鏡,使我國躋身于國際天文技術(shù)前沿,成為國際上少數(shù)具備自主研制巨型望遠鏡能力的國家之一。 LAMOST的科學(xué)使命是進行大樣本光譜巡天。當前大樣本天文學(xué)已成為天文學(xué)發(fā)展的一個重要方向。天文學(xué)越來越清楚的表明,對于天體物理和宇宙學(xué)中的一些重要的問題,例如宇宙的結(jié)構(gòu)、星系的形成和演化,銀河系的形成和演化等重要問題都涉及到復(fù)雜的物理過程和多方面的影響,這些課題的研究往往需要大樣本的統(tǒng)計性質(zhì)。二十世紀末的技術(shù)進步,使得大樣本巡天觀測成為可能,天文學(xué)家能夠在合理的時間范圍內(nèi)觀測上百甚至上千的天體光譜。大樣本天體觀測是多波段的,從光學(xué)、射電、紅外、紫外、X射線以及gamma射線波段都能得到天體各方面的物理信息,而其中光學(xué)波段的大樣本觀測是信息量最大、積累最對、觀測技術(shù)最成熟的。然而浩瀚宇宙的天體總量難以估計,目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的天體已達到百億量級,在這些天體中已獲得光譜的部分只占約萬分之一,展開大規(guī)模的大樣本巡天觀測已成為當前的首要工作。大樣本天文學(xué)越來越受到人們的重視。 LAMOST巡天戰(zhàn)略的三個核心課題是星系和類星體的紅移巡天、恒星與銀河系的觀測計劃和多波段巡天樣本的光學(xué)證認,預(yù)計獲取超過千萬顆天體的光譜,研究課題將覆蓋宇宙學(xué)、星系、類星體、銀河系等各個方面。望遠鏡每次觀測量約為4000,一個觀測夜可觀測數(shù)萬個天體的光譜,如此大量的觀測需要一個自動化的系統(tǒng)安排和部署觀測流程。如何協(xié)調(diào)管理各種類型的科學(xué)目標的觀測需求,處理各方面主客觀約束條件,對巡天區(qū)域進行完備覆蓋,并選擇合適的觀測天區(qū),分配目標到光纖,生成觀測計劃,同時保證整體巡天的盡可能高的觀測效率,節(jié)約寶貴的天文觀測時間,以盡早獲得盡可能多的符合科學(xué)需求的科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)出,是LAMOST的巡天戰(zhàn)略系統(tǒng)(SSS)的核心科學(xué)目標。 為了實現(xiàn)能服務(wù)于LAMOST巡天模式的軟件系統(tǒng),本論文首先在小系統(tǒng)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了大系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)環(huán)境,采用領(lǐng)域驅(qū)動設(shè)計的軟件設(shè)計思想,結(jié)合多種軟件設(shè)計模式,改進了巡天戰(zhàn)略系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),調(diào)整了動態(tài)工作流程,使得軟件滿足大系統(tǒng)各方面的需求。 巡天戰(zhàn)略系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵問題是天區(qū)覆蓋和光纖分配算法。本論文在原有的天區(qū)覆蓋算法基礎(chǔ)上,解決了算法在高緯度處的一些難題,提高算法速度和覆蓋效果,應(yīng)用最大密度思路實現(xiàn)亮星中心覆蓋算法;結(jié)合望遠鏡光纖單元具體構(gòu)造,改進光纖分配算法,避免光纖單元之間的碰撞,建立動態(tài)分組以實現(xiàn)光纖配額,支持目標重分配以提高光纖分配效率,體現(xiàn)用戶多樣化的優(yōu)先策略。 巡天戰(zhàn)略系統(tǒng)的核心是觀測目標。本論文通過分析LAMOST的具體科學(xué)目標,從天文研究人員的選源、觀測策略的指定、星表管理、觀測計劃生產(chǎn)過程中的目標過濾到觀測結(jié)果反饋,為SSS建立一套全面的面向分布式環(huán)境的軟件環(huán)境。 為了進一步驗證軟件的具體功能和望遠鏡的巡天能力,本論文根據(jù)一組實際觀測時間數(shù)據(jù),引入SDSS巡天的觀測星表,進行了基于實際觀測時間的大天區(qū)巡天觀測模擬,以驗證巡天戰(zhàn)略系統(tǒng)算法的有效性,并對望遠鏡的巡天觀測能力進行評估。 巡天戰(zhàn)略系統(tǒng)是連接天文學(xué)家和望遠鏡觀測的橋梁,本論文結(jié)合各方用戶的需求,改進用戶層設(shè)計,增加功能覆蓋范圍,擴大軟件的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,以期將系統(tǒng)擴展為一款天文通用軟件。 最后,本論文還將就SSS的下一步的發(fā)展方向進行討論。 本論文的創(chuàng)新點在于: 1、采用領(lǐng)域驅(qū)動設(shè)計的軟件開發(fā)方法對巡天戰(zhàn)略系統(tǒng)進行升級,提高了系統(tǒng)的擴展性和健壯性,改進了用戶接口,建立了一個與LAMOST望遠鏡觀測相結(jié)合的模擬星空平臺以呈現(xiàn)天體觀測位置和周日運行軌跡,完成了一套完整的基于LAMOST望遠鏡的大樣本巡天戰(zhàn)略系統(tǒng),已用于LAMOST的觀測中。 2、結(jié)合望遠鏡實際特點和需求,優(yōu)化了天區(qū)覆蓋算法模型,建立密度庫算法,引入快速漂移算法,設(shè)計邊界漂移算法和SH亮星覆蓋算法;根據(jù)焦面光纖單元的具體構(gòu)造,建立光纖分配算法,避免光纖單元碰撞,保證天光和定標星在焦面上的分配需求,支持分組和目標重分配。 3、對LAMOST望遠鏡巡天觀測選源的需求進行分析,以觀測星表數(shù)據(jù)庫為基礎(chǔ),建立了一個面向網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境的通用數(shù)據(jù)庫類型訪問、星表數(shù)據(jù)選擇、數(shù)據(jù)格式轉(zhuǎn)換和星表錄入平臺;在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)目標過濾模型,根據(jù)各種觀測約束條件選擇觀測目標;設(shè)計了和實現(xiàn)了觀測計劃數(shù)據(jù)庫及其支持組件。
[Abstract]:LAMOST is one of the nine five major scientific projects in the country . It is one of the nine five major scientific projects in China . It is a large - scale optical telescope with large aperture and large field of view in the past century . The LAMOST project was approved by the State Plan in 1997 . The LAMOST project was officially launched in August , 2008 .


The scientific mission of LAMOST is to conduct a large sample spectrum tour . The current large sample astronomy has become an important direction in the development of astronomy .


The three core topics of the LAMOST tour strategy are the red shift of galaxies and quasars , the observation plan of stars and the Milky Way , and the optical identification of multi - band patrol samples . The telescope is expected to acquire the spectra of more than 10 million celestial bodies . Such a large number of observations require an automated system arrangement and deployment observation process . How to coordinate the management of the observation needs of various types of scientific objectives , allocate the target to the optical fiber , generate observation plans , and save valuable astronomical observation time , so as to obtain as much scientific data output as possible , which meets the scientific needs as much as possible , is the core scientific objective of the tour strategic system ( SSS ) of LAMOST .


In order to realize the software system capable of serving the LAMOST patrol mode , this paper first analyzes the related environment of the large system on the basis of the small system model , adopts the software design idea of the field driving design , and combines various software design modes , improves the static system structure of the patrol strategic system , and adjusts the dynamic workflow , so that the software can meet the requirements of all aspects of the large system .


On the basis of the original method , the paper solves some problems of the algorithm in the high latitude , improves the speed and the coverage effect of the algorithm , and applies the maximum density to realize the bright star center covering algorithm , and combines the specific structure of the telescope optical fiber unit , improves the fiber distribution algorithm , avoids collision between the fiber units , establishes dynamic grouping to realize the fiber quota , and supports the target redistribution to improve the distribution efficiency of the optical fiber and reflects the priority strategy of the user diversification .


Through analyzing the specific scientific objectives of LAMOST , this paper analyzes the specific scientific objectives of LAMOST , from the source of the astronomical researchers , the designation of the observation strategy , the star table management , the objective filtering in the production process of the observation plan to the observation result feedback , and establishes a comprehensive software environment for the SSS .


In order to further verify the specific function of the software and the inspection ability of the telescope , this paper introduces the observation satellite table of SDSS patrol according to a set of actual observation time data , and carries out the simulation of the daily observation of the large - day area based on the actual observation time to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm of the patrol - day strategic system and evaluate the inspection ability of the telescope .


The system is a bridge connecting astronomers and telescopes . This thesis combines the needs of all parties , improves user - level design , increases functional coverage , and expands the application fields of software , with a view to extending the system into an astronomical general software .


Finally , this thesis will discuss the next step of SSS .


The innovation point of this thesis lies in :


1 . The software development method in the field driving design is adopted to upgrade the patrol strategic system , the expansibility and robustness of the system are improved , the user interface is improved , a simulated star - space platform combined with the LAMOST telescope observation is established to present the celestial observation position and the Sunday running track , and a complete set of large sample patrol strategic system based on the LAMOST telescope is completed , and has been used in the observation of LAMOST .


2 , combining the actual characteristics and requirements of the telescope , optimizing the sky coverage algorithm model , establishing a density library algorithm , introducing a fast drift algorithm , designing a boundary drift algorithm and an SH bright star coverage algorithm , establishing an optical fiber distribution algorithm according to the specific configuration of the focal plane optical fiber unit , avoiding collision of the optical fiber unit , ensuring the distribution requirements of the sky light and the calibration star on the focal plane , supporting the grouping and the target redistribution .


3 . Based on the observation satellite table database , a universal database type access , star table data selection , data format conversion and star table entry platform for the network environment are established based on the observation satellite table database . Based on this , the target filtering model is designed and realized , and the observation target is selected according to various observation constraints ; and the observation plan database and its support components are designed and realized .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH751

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