【摘要】：P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)(peer-to-peer)的出現(xiàn),有效的解決了傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模式的單點失效、性能瓶頸等問題,將人們更直接的通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系起來,人們可以通過對等網(wǎng)絡(luò)方便的交互信息和資源,自己可以存儲自己相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù),而不是集中依賴于少數(shù)的幾臺中央服務(wù)器。對等網(wǎng)絡(luò)(peer-to-peer)的開放性、可擴展性、匿名性等特點,使得P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)在協(xié)同工作、大規(guī)模并行計算、文件共享、分布式計算、遠程協(xié)作、搜索引擎、即時通信、移動設(shè)備等多種領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用,然而也是這些特點使得對等網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信任性和安全性沒有保障,存在很多欺詐性的惡意節(jié)點,另外由于缺乏或者沒有完善的激勵機制,有四分之一的節(jié)點是自由搭便車節(jié)點,它們只享受其他節(jié)點提供的服務(wù),而從不向其他節(jié)點提供服務(wù)。這些對于P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全和發(fā)展都存在著威脅。 在P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)中建立信任管理模型可以有效的解決系統(tǒng)中的信任和安全問題,并且可以很好的解決系統(tǒng)中的推薦問題。信任管理模型主要分為基于聲譽的信任管理模型、基于推薦的信任管理模型和基于PKI的信任管理模型,基于PKI的信任模型中節(jié)點都是經(jīng)過CA認(rèn)證的可信節(jié)點,這使得系統(tǒng)的可擴展性不好和存在單點失效的問題,因此目前基于聲譽和基于推薦的信任模型是研究熱點。本論文主要圍繞P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的信任管理和激勵機制進行了研究,主要成果如下： (1)研究了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者已經(jīng)提出的各種基于不同角度的信任機制,提出了單次好評度的概念,基于信任的主觀性提出用模糊綜合評判的方法來計算單次好評度。 (2)從資源評價的角度出發(fā)提出了一種新的基于資源評價的信任管理模型。每次交易后的交易記錄表由提供資源的節(jié)點的母節(jié)點進行管理和存儲；請求節(jié)點不但綜合考慮對目標(biāo)節(jié)點的直接信任度和此次交易資源的總好評度,而且還要考慮風(fēng)險值來選擇目標(biāo)節(jié)點�？紤]了資源評價的計算方法可以有效的抑制惡意節(jié)點的惡意行為。 (3)針對搭便車現(xiàn)象、不可靠服務(wù)、不真實反饋三種現(xiàn)象,提出了一個基于信任管理的動態(tài)的激勵機制。首先提出了上傳因子、下載因子等相關(guān)概念,用單次好評度來計算貢獻值,然后提出了一系列的包括獎懲的規(guī)則,最后用博弈論證明了節(jié)點更傾向于遵守規(guī)則和上傳資源。仿真結(jié)果表明,提出的激勵機制可以促進節(jié)點適當(dāng)上傳資源和有效防止惡意行為。
[Abstract]:The emergence of P2P network (peer-to-peer) effectively solves the problems of single point failure, performance bottleneck and so on of traditional network mode. It connects people more directly through the network, and people can exchange information and resources conveniently through peer-to-peer network. You can store your own relevant data instead of concentrating on a few central servers. Peer-to-Peer Network (peer-to-peer) has the characteristics of openness, scalability, anonymity and so on, which makes P2P network already working in collaboration, large-scale parallel computing, file sharing, distributed computing, remote cooperation, search engine, instant messaging, etc. Mobile devices and other fields have been widely used. However, these characteristics make the trust and security of peer-to-peer network not guaranteed, there are many malicious nodes, and because of the lack of or lack of perfect incentive mechanism, 1/4 of the nodes are free-rider nodes. They only enjoy the services provided by other nodes and never provide services to other nodes. These are threats to the security and development of P2P networks. The establishment of trust management model in P2P network can effectively solve the trust and security problems in the system, and can solve the recommendation problem in the system. Trust management model is mainly divided into reputation based trust management model, based on recommended trust management model and trust management model based on PKI, the trust model based on PKI is a trusted node authenticated by CA. This makes the scalability of the system poor and the problem of single point failure, so the trust model based on reputation and recommendation is a hot research topic at present. This thesis mainly focuses on the trust management and incentive mechanism in P2P network. The main results are as follows: (1) the trust mechanism based on different angles has been proposed by domestic and foreign scholars. In this paper, the concept of single praise degree is proposed. Based on the subjectivity of trust, the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is proposed to calculate the single high praise degree. (2) A new trust management model based on resource evaluation is proposed from the point of view of resource evaluation. The transaction record table after each transaction is managed and stored by the parent node of the node providing the resource; the requesting node not only considers the direct trust degree of the target node and the total praise of the transaction resource, And also consider the risk value to select the target node. The calculation method of resource evaluation can effectively suppress the malicious behavior of malicious nodes. (3) aiming at the phenomenon of free rider, unreliable service and untrue feedback, A dynamic incentive mechanism based on trust management is proposed. The related concepts such as upload factor, download factor and so on are put forward first, then a series of rules including rewards and punishments are put forward. Finally, the game theory is used to prove that nodes are more inclined to obey the rules and upload resources. Simulation results show that the proposed incentive mechanism can promote the nodes to upload resources properly and effectively prevent malicious behavior.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP393.08

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