松散堰塞壩潰決的聲發(fā)射響應(yīng)試驗(yàn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-24 15:08
【摘要】：我國是一個(gè)自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)的國家,“5.12”地震后出現(xiàn)許多由地質(zhì)災(zāi)害產(chǎn)生的松散堰塞壩,在大型的松散堰塞壩中約有一半是危險(xiǎn)的。當(dāng)遇上強(qiáng)降雨等條件,堰塞壩水位快速上漲,隨時(shí)可能潰決,而串聯(lián)形式的堰塞壩連續(xù)潰決產(chǎn)生的破壞性更強(qiáng)。在此背景下,論文首先分析研究了堰塞壩潰決模式和連續(xù)潰決的放大效應(yīng),其次選取七盤溝為研究對象進(jìn)行室內(nèi)物理模擬試驗(yàn),借助聲發(fā)射、微震、高速攝像機(jī)和孔壓等儀器,探討了不同壩體級配和不同泥漿容重情況下的潰決模式以及潰決過程中產(chǎn)生的聲發(fā)射信號、震動(dòng)信號、孔壓信號和能量變化,最后進(jìn)行堰塞壩連續(xù)潰決的室內(nèi)物理模擬試驗(yàn),定性的驗(yàn)證了串聯(lián)堰塞壩破壞時(shí)釋放能量的放大效應(yīng)。用微震傳感器記錄堰塞壩潰決過程中震動(dòng)的情況,記錄震動(dòng)加速度的變化歷程。但通過時(shí)域波來了解震動(dòng)的過程是比較麻煩的,HHT變換包含EMD分解和Hilbert變換,HHT是分析非線性、非平穩(wěn)信號的一種新方法。通過該變換得到頻譜,進(jìn)而在頻域中進(jìn)行分析,通過該變換也可以清楚的刻畫震動(dòng)中時(shí)頻能量的分布。通過孔隙水壓力劑和視頻來分析堰塞壩潰決過程中土體內(nèi)部有效應(yīng)力的變化。借助聲發(fā)射儀器來測定不同工況條件下堰塞壩潰決產(chǎn)生的能量,聲發(fā)射數(shù)據(jù)主要從振鈴計(jì)數(shù)、能量、幅值、累計(jì)能量四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。振鈴計(jì)數(shù)可以表現(xiàn)出聲發(fā)射的活動(dòng)性,其幅值越大密度越大,聲發(fā)射活動(dòng)性越強(qiáng)。幅值也稱為幅度,該指標(biāo)不受門限的影響,直接決定聲發(fā)射的可測性,間接表現(xiàn)聲發(fā)射信號的強(qiáng)度和某段時(shí)間的某個(gè)事件。能量反映事件的相對能量或者相對強(qiáng)度,主要用于不同條件下的對比。累計(jì)能量是指在整個(gè)堰塞壩破壞過程中產(chǎn)生的能量之和,累積曲線的曲率也可以反應(yīng)某段時(shí)間的特定事件,是一個(gè)相對指標(biāo)。通過室內(nèi)物理模擬試驗(yàn)并借助不同儀器,論文得出如下結(jié)論:(1)松散堰塞壩潰決過程中泥流滲透、土體細(xì)顆粒運(yùn)移以及壩體部分坍塌都會產(chǎn)生聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象,聲發(fā)射信號的幅值、振鈴計(jì)數(shù)和累計(jì)能量與壩體細(xì)粒含量和泥漿容重都有密切關(guān)系。(2)不同壩體細(xì)粒含量和不同泥漿容重情況下,堰塞壩潰決的模式大部分為漫頂潰決,但細(xì)粒含量很少的松散堰塞壩由于靜水壓力的作用可能發(fā)生滑坡破壞。漫頂潰決過程中,壩體背水坡面首先形成多條細(xì)小沖溝,隨著沖刷加劇,沖溝兩側(cè)土體坍塌形成較大沖溝和潰口,沖溝掏蝕壩體背水坡面中部并沖刷壩腳形成沖坑,潰口的下切和侵蝕加劇將使壩體一側(cè)出現(xiàn)較大的矩形潰槽,此時(shí)壩前水位快速下降,直至最終破壞。(3)泥流在壩體土體中的滲透性和堰塞壩的潰決過程影響著孔隙水壓力的變化�？紫端畨毫υ趬误w中的變化大致分為三種情況:一種是孔壓在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)增加,隨著壩體潰決孔壓消散;另一種是孔壓前期增加并不明顯或者增加幅值很小,在壩體潰決瞬間激增,而后隨著壩體破壞而消散;最后一種是孔壓持續(xù)增長了一段時(shí)間,在壩體潰決瞬間激增,隨著壩體破壞而消散。壩體的細(xì)粒含量和泥漿的容重影響著泥流在壩體土體中的滲透性,漫頂潰決中沖溝、潰口和沖槽的位置影響著泥漿在壩體中的滲透路徑,進(jìn)而影響孔壓值。(4)借助微震傳感器和聲發(fā)射傳感器得出了不同壩體細(xì)粒含量和不同泥漿容重情況下堰塞壩破壞時(shí)產(chǎn)生的能量,認(rèn)為潰決時(shí)長、潰口和潰槽的形成與擴(kuò)展以及潰決過程中的坍塌直接影響著潰決過程中產(chǎn)生能量的大小。潰口和潰槽的形成與擴(kuò)展以及堰塞壩土體的坍塌,對應(yīng)能量曲線中曲率的變化點(diǎn)。(5)通過進(jìn)行堰塞壩連續(xù)潰決的室內(nèi)物理模擬試驗(yàn),得出串聯(lián)堰塞壩破壞時(shí)產(chǎn)生的能量會有一個(gè)放大效用,雖然不同條件下放大系數(shù)不同,但可以定性的得出結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:China is a country with frequent natural disasters. After the "5.12" of the earthquake, a lot of loose weir dam, which are caused by the geological disasters, are in danger in about half of the large-scale loose weir dam. When the condition of strong rainfall is encountered, the water level of the weir dam is rising rapidly, which may be broken at any time, and the continuous collapse of the dam-type dam in the series form is more destructive. In this background, the paper first analyzes the amplification effect of the dam break mode and the continuous collapse, and then selects the seven-disk ditch as the research object to carry out the indoor physical simulation test, by means of acoustic emission, micro-shock, high-speed camera and hole pressure, etc. In this paper, the burst mode and the acoustic emission signal, the vibration signal, the pore pressure signal and the energy change of different dam body gradation and different mud weight density are discussed, and the indoor physical simulation test of the continuous collapse of the weir dam is carried out. The amplification effect of the release energy during the failure of the series weir dam is qualitatively verified. The change course of the vibration acceleration is recorded by using the micro-vibration sensor to record the vibration in the dam break process. But it is difficult to know the process of vibration by time-domain wave. The HHT transform includes EMD and Hilbert transform, and HHT is a new method for analyzing non-linear and non-stationary signals. The frequency spectrum is obtained by the transformation, and then the analysis is carried out in the frequency domain, and the distribution of time-frequency energy in the vibration can be clearly depicted by the transformation. The change of the effective stress in the soil during the dam-breaking process is analyzed by the pore water pressure and the video. In this paper, the energy and acoustic emission data generated by the dam break in different working conditions are measured by means of an acoustic emission instrument, and the acoustic emission data is mainly analyzed from the four aspects of ringing count, energy, amplitude and accumulated energy. The ringing count can show the activity of the sound emission, and the greater the amplitude, the stronger the acoustic emission activity. The amplitude is also referred to as the amplitude, which is not affected by the threshold, directly determines the measurability of the acoustic emission, and indirectly expresses the intensity of the acoustic emission signal and an event of a certain period of time. The energy reflects the relative energy or relative strength of the event, mainly for comparison under different conditions. The accumulated energy refers to the sum of the energy generated during the whole dam failure process, and the curvature of the accumulated curve can also reflect the specific events of a certain period of time, which is a relative index. Through the indoor physical simulation test and by means of different instruments, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The seepage of the mud, the migration of the fine particles of the soil and the collapse of the part of the dam body can produce the acoustic emission phenomenon, the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal, The ringing count and the accumulated energy are closely related to the particle content of the dam body and the volume weight of the mud. (2) In the case of the fine particle content of different dam bodies and the volume weight of different mud, most of the modes of the dam break of the weir dam are overtopping, but the loose weir dam with little fine particle content may be damaged due to the effect of the hydrostatic pressure. in the process of overtopping, a plurality of fine gullies are formed on the back surface of the dam body, The lower cutting and erosion of the break will cause a large rectangular trough to appear on one side of the dam body, and the water level in front of the dam will drop rapidly until the end of the dam is finally broken. (3) The permeability of the mud flow in the body of the dam body and the collapse process of the weir dam affect the change of pore water pressure. The change of pore water pressure in the dam body is generally divided into three cases: one is that the pore pressure is continuously increased for a period of time, and the pore pressure of the dam body is dissipated; the other is that the initial increase of the pore pressure is not obvious or the amplitude is small, and at the moment of the dam break, And then, with the destruction of the dam body, the last one is that the pore pressure has been continuously increased for a period of time, and the sudden increase of the dam break in the dam body will be dissipated with the destruction of the dam body. The particle content of the dam body and the volume weight of the mud affect the permeability of the mud flow in the soil body of the dam body, and the position of the gullies, the break and the scour groove in the overtopping is affected by the seepage path of the mud in the dam body, and further the pore pressure value is affected. and (4) using the micro-shock sensor and the acoustic emission sensor to obtain the energy generated during the failure of the dam plug dam under the condition of the fine particle content of different dam bodies and the volume weight of different mud, The formation and expansion of the break and the collapse and the collapse of the collapse directly affect the magnitude of the energy produced during the break-up process. The formation and expansion of the break and the trough and the collapse of the dam body mass correspond to the change point of the curvature in the energy curve. (5) Through the indoor physical simulation test of the continuous collapse of the weir dam, it is concluded that the energy produced in the failure of the series weir dam is an amplification effect, although the amplification factor is different under different conditions, it can be concluded qualitatively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV122.4;TV698.237
本文編號：2505155
[Abstract]:China is a country with frequent natural disasters. After the "5.12" of the earthquake, a lot of loose weir dam, which are caused by the geological disasters, are in danger in about half of the large-scale loose weir dam. When the condition of strong rainfall is encountered, the water level of the weir dam is rising rapidly, which may be broken at any time, and the continuous collapse of the dam-type dam in the series form is more destructive. In this background, the paper first analyzes the amplification effect of the dam break mode and the continuous collapse, and then selects the seven-disk ditch as the research object to carry out the indoor physical simulation test, by means of acoustic emission, micro-shock, high-speed camera and hole pressure, etc. In this paper, the burst mode and the acoustic emission signal, the vibration signal, the pore pressure signal and the energy change of different dam body gradation and different mud weight density are discussed, and the indoor physical simulation test of the continuous collapse of the weir dam is carried out. The amplification effect of the release energy during the failure of the series weir dam is qualitatively verified. The change course of the vibration acceleration is recorded by using the micro-vibration sensor to record the vibration in the dam break process. But it is difficult to know the process of vibration by time-domain wave. The HHT transform includes EMD and Hilbert transform, and HHT is a new method for analyzing non-linear and non-stationary signals. The frequency spectrum is obtained by the transformation, and then the analysis is carried out in the frequency domain, and the distribution of time-frequency energy in the vibration can be clearly depicted by the transformation. The change of the effective stress in the soil during the dam-breaking process is analyzed by the pore water pressure and the video. In this paper, the energy and acoustic emission data generated by the dam break in different working conditions are measured by means of an acoustic emission instrument, and the acoustic emission data is mainly analyzed from the four aspects of ringing count, energy, amplitude and accumulated energy. The ringing count can show the activity of the sound emission, and the greater the amplitude, the stronger the acoustic emission activity. The amplitude is also referred to as the amplitude, which is not affected by the threshold, directly determines the measurability of the acoustic emission, and indirectly expresses the intensity of the acoustic emission signal and an event of a certain period of time. The energy reflects the relative energy or relative strength of the event, mainly for comparison under different conditions. The accumulated energy refers to the sum of the energy generated during the whole dam failure process, and the curvature of the accumulated curve can also reflect the specific events of a certain period of time, which is a relative index. Through the indoor physical simulation test and by means of different instruments, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The seepage of the mud, the migration of the fine particles of the soil and the collapse of the part of the dam body can produce the acoustic emission phenomenon, the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal, The ringing count and the accumulated energy are closely related to the particle content of the dam body and the volume weight of the mud. (2) In the case of the fine particle content of different dam bodies and the volume weight of different mud, most of the modes of the dam break of the weir dam are overtopping, but the loose weir dam with little fine particle content may be damaged due to the effect of the hydrostatic pressure. in the process of overtopping, a plurality of fine gullies are formed on the back surface of the dam body, The lower cutting and erosion of the break will cause a large rectangular trough to appear on one side of the dam body, and the water level in front of the dam will drop rapidly until the end of the dam is finally broken. (3) The permeability of the mud flow in the body of the dam body and the collapse process of the weir dam affect the change of pore water pressure. The change of pore water pressure in the dam body is generally divided into three cases: one is that the pore pressure is continuously increased for a period of time, and the pore pressure of the dam body is dissipated; the other is that the initial increase of the pore pressure is not obvious or the amplitude is small, and at the moment of the dam break, And then, with the destruction of the dam body, the last one is that the pore pressure has been continuously increased for a period of time, and the sudden increase of the dam break in the dam body will be dissipated with the destruction of the dam body. The particle content of the dam body and the volume weight of the mud affect the permeability of the mud flow in the soil body of the dam body, and the position of the gullies, the break and the scour groove in the overtopping is affected by the seepage path of the mud in the dam body, and further the pore pressure value is affected. and (4) using the micro-shock sensor and the acoustic emission sensor to obtain the energy generated during the failure of the dam plug dam under the condition of the fine particle content of different dam bodies and the volume weight of different mud, The formation and expansion of the break and the collapse and the collapse of the collapse directly affect the magnitude of the energy produced during the break-up process. The formation and expansion of the break and the trough and the collapse of the dam body mass correspond to the change point of the curvature in the energy curve. (5) Through the indoor physical simulation test of the continuous collapse of the weir dam, it is concluded that the energy produced in the failure of the series weir dam is an amplification effect, although the amplification factor is different under different conditions, it can be concluded qualitatively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV122.4;TV698.237
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