推移質(zhì)運(yùn)動基本規(guī)律研究
[Abstract]:Bed load movement is the basis of river dynamics research, which has been studied by scientific method for more than a hundred years. Because of the wide and complex contents involved in this field, few recognized research results have been obtained. Based on the basic law of push mass movement, this paper studies it from four aspects: (1) the physical concept of surface sand friction angle is summarized, the difference between sediment rest angle and surface sand friction angle is demonstrated by experiments, the variation law of non-uniform sand rest angle with separation coefficient is discussed, and the influence of skewness coefficient and kurtosis coefficient on non-uniform sand friction angle is discussed. In view of the engineering application of non-uniform sand stop angle and surface sand friction angle, some suggestions on the optimal gradation design of non-uniform sand are put forward. 2 according to the sediment starting condition, considering the influence of the turbulent characteristics of flow and the randomness of sediment particle arrangement on sediment starting, the sediment starting condition is not a definite value, but is randomly distributed in an interval by using the sediment rolling starting model. Aiming at the starting probability of sediment, the physical picture of Einstein (1950) sediment starting probability is reexpounded from three angles of area ratio, quantity ratio and time ratio, and a new calculation model of sediment starting probability is deduced, and the rationality of Einstein (1950) starting probability model is demonstrated from three aspects: the distribution of lifting force on water flow, the integral area of starting probability and the force acting on sediment particles. 3 on the basis of improving Engelund (1976) bed load formula, A formula of bed load equilibrium sediment transport rate is deduced. The new formula has the advantages of both deterministic and stochastic research methods, and can give good consideration to the calculation of low intensity sediment transport and high intensity sediment transport. The equilibrium sediment transport test of 382 groups of uniform bed load is carried out, and the performance of several load transfer formulas is tested by using the classical bed load transport rate data and the test data in this paper. the results show that the formula has good applicability. 4 the multi-group coarsening experiments of two kinds of non-uniform sand are carried out, the bed load transport volume in the process of coarsening is recorded in real time, and the gradation and coarsening grade distribution of bed load are measured. The surface morphology of coarsening layer is reconstructed by using the newly developed three-dimensional topographic instrument. The data show that the bed load transport rate and gradation have significantly different characteristics in the process of first coarsening and re-coarsening, and the "secondary coarsening" phenomenon of the sharp increase of sediment transport rate and the thickening of sediment transport gradation exists in the process of coarsening the proportion of coarse particles to the dominant bed sand. Under the erosion of high intensity flow, the coarse layer with the proportion of coarse particles and fine particles is in the shape of sand wave, while the coarse layer with the proportion of coarse and fine particles is in the shape of grooves. Under the condition that the maximum flow rate of bed sediment gradation and ladder scour flow is the same, the total amount of bed load sediment transport, coarsening gradation and bed surface scour depth have nothing to do with the scour model of water flow, that is to say, the results of the above three elements under different stepped flow scour are basically the same.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:TV142.2
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