【摘要】：水權(quán)分配是解決由于水資源短缺導(dǎo)致的社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)用水沖突以及各部門之間用水矛盾主要方式之一,水權(quán)制度的核心是水權(quán)的分配。通常情況下,按照分配的形式水權(quán)分配可分為初始水權(quán)的分配和水權(quán)交易,將水資源以水權(quán)的形式分配給公眾是對水權(quán)的初始分配,初始水權(quán)分配是進(jìn)行水權(quán)交易的基礎(chǔ),也是在水權(quán)制度建設(shè)過程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。目前,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對初始水權(quán)分配研究采用了較多的方法,方法都取得了一定的效果,但是并未形成一套規(guī)范的初始水權(quán)分配體系。因此,對初始水權(quán)分配方法進(jìn)行比較研究具有重要的理論價值及實(shí)踐意義。本文在現(xiàn)有初始水權(quán)分配方法的背景下,結(jié)合初始水權(quán)分配內(nèi)涵和目的,對初始水權(quán)分配方法進(jìn)行歸類分析,選取各類方法下的代表性方法并對其進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)首先對已有的初始水權(quán)分配方法進(jìn)行匯總分析,根據(jù)算法的性質(zhì)將初始水權(quán)分配方法大致分為三大類即:基于準(zhǔn)則類、基于決策類以及基于優(yōu)化方法類的初始水權(quán)分配方法,并對三類方法進(jìn)行描述。根據(jù)三類方法的計(jì)算性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn),選取出各自代表性方法,即基于準(zhǔn)則的初始水權(quán)分配、基于層次分析法的初始水權(quán)分配和基于多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化算法的初始水權(quán)分配。(2)結(jié)合初始水權(quán)分配的內(nèi)涵,對初始水權(quán)分配方案評價的目的與意義進(jìn)行描述。依據(jù)初始水權(quán)分配所涉及的目標(biāo),構(gòu)建初始水權(quán)分配方案的評價體系用于方案的評價。(3)以承德市為例,在承德市社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)以及水資源開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對承德市2030年需水進(jìn)行預(yù)測,并依據(jù)上述選出的三類代表性方法進(jìn)行承德市的初始水權(quán)分配,并得出三種類型方法的初始水權(quán)分配方案。(4)在初始水權(quán)分配方案評價分析的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了承德市的初始水權(quán)分配方案評價模型。在經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性、生態(tài)合理性以及社會合理性的目標(biāo)下,構(gòu)建初始水權(quán)分配評價指標(biāo)體系,應(yīng)用多目標(biāo)模糊優(yōu)選法對上述得出的三種承德市初始水權(quán)分配方案進(jìn)行分析評價,得出在不同單一合理性目標(biāo)以及整體合理性目標(biāo)下較優(yōu)的初始水權(quán)分配方法。
[Abstract]:The distribution of water rights is one of the main ways to solve the conflict of social, economic and ecological water use and the contradiction of water use among various departments caused by the shortage of water resources. The core of the water right system is the distribution of water rights. In general, according to the distribution form of water rights, the distribution of water rights can be divided into the allocation of initial water rights and the transaction of water rights. The distribution of water resources to the public in the form of water rights is the initial distribution of water rights, and the initial distribution of water rights is the basis of water rights transactions. It is also an important link in the process of water right system construction. At present, scholars at home and abroad have adopted many methods for the study of initial water rights allocation, and the methods have achieved some results, but a set of standardized initial water rights allocation system has not been formed. Therefore, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to make a comparative study of the initial water rights allocation methods. In this paper, under the background of the existing initial water rights allocation methods, combined with the connotation and purpose of initial water rights allocation, the initial water rights allocation methods are classified and analyzed, and the representative methods under various methods are selected and empirical research is carried out. The main research contents are as follows: (1) first of all, the existing initial water rights allocation methods are summarized and analyzed. According to the nature of the algorithm, the initial water rights allocation methods are roughly divided into three categories: based on the criteria category, Based on the decision class and the optimization method class, the initial water right allocation method is described, and the three kinds of methods are described. According to the computational properties and characteristics of the three methods, their representative methods are selected, that is, the initial water right allocation based on the criterion. The initial water rights allocation based on AHP and the initial water rights allocation based on multi-objective optimization algorithm are described. (2) combined with the connotation of initial water rights allocation, the purpose and significance of the evaluation of initial water rights allocation schemes are described. According to the objectives involved in the initial water rights allocation, the evaluation system of the initial water rights allocation scheme is constructed for the evaluation of the scheme. (3) taking Chengde City as an example, based on the analysis of the present situation of social, economic and water resources development and utilization in Chengde City, The water demand of Chengde City in 2030 is forecasted, and the initial water right distribution of Chengde City is carried out according to the three representative methods selected above. The initial water rights allocation schemes of three types of methods are obtained. (4) based on the evaluation and analysis of the initial water rights allocation schemes, the evaluation model of the initial water rights allocation schemes in Chengde City is established. Under the goal of economic rationality, ecological rationality and social rationality, the evaluation index system of initial water right allocation is constructed, and the three kinds of initial water rights allocation schemes in Chengde City are analyzed and evaluated by using multi-objective fuzzy optimization method. The optimal initial water right allocation method is obtained under different single rationality objectives and overall rationality objectives.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV213.4

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