【摘要】：由于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)等人類活動等影響，海河流域下墊面發(fā)生了一些變化，，導(dǎo)致設(shè)計(jì)洪水也隨之發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化，因此需對下墊面條件變化后入庫設(shè)計(jì)洪水的修訂問題進(jìn)行探討，以便對防洪對策和防洪工程的布局做出相應(yīng)調(diào)整。本文以海河流域?yàn)檠芯繉ο�，開展海河流域下墊面變化對產(chǎn)匯流機(jī)理的影響和設(shè)計(jì)洪水下墊面影響修訂方法的研究，提出設(shè)計(jì)洪水下墊面一致性修定技術(shù)和方法，對大清河流域典型區(qū)域設(shè)計(jì)洪水成果進(jìn)行修訂。主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下： （1）統(tǒng)計(jì)了流域內(nèi)的暴雨洪水資料。選取有代表性的場次洪水，分別統(tǒng)計(jì)了每場典型洪水的次降雨量、洪峰流量、次洪量、次徑流深、地面徑流深、前期影響雨量等水文要素。 （2）基于長期的水文觀測資料，研究了大清河流域典型區(qū)域水循環(huán)要素的時空演變規(guī)律。對降水序列和流量序列，采用Spearman秩次相關(guān)檢驗(yàn)法、Mann-Kendall秩次相關(guān)檢驗(yàn)法和滑動平均法進(jìn)行了趨勢分析，采用有序聚類法、滑動F檢驗(yàn)法和雙累積曲線法進(jìn)行了變異分析。檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，兩個水庫的降雨量和洪峰流量均呈下降趨勢，變異點(diǎn)均確定為1979年。 （3）降雨徑流相關(guān)分析和洪水序列的還現(xiàn)計(jì)算。分析了流域最大蓄水容量、水面蒸發(fā)量、消退系數(shù)等產(chǎn)流參數(shù)，以洪水序列突變點(diǎn)為界，進(jìn)行了代表區(qū)域的降雨徑流相關(guān)分析，用1980年后的降雨徑流關(guān)系修正了1980年前的降雨徑流關(guān)系，由此得到流域下墊面變化對次洪量的影響并實(shí)現(xiàn)對洪量序列的還現(xiàn)。建立了不同時段洪量與洪峰的相關(guān)圖，根據(jù)不同時段洪量的變化幅度，估算確定洪峰的變化量，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對洪峰流量序列的還現(xiàn)。 (4)設(shè)計(jì)洪水過程的推求。分別對修訂后與修訂前的洪水序列進(jìn)行了頻率分析，推求設(shè)計(jì)洪水。結(jié)果表明，由于下墊面變化的影響，特別是水保工程、退耕還林等形式的下墊面的變化，使典型流域的洪峰流量和洪量均有有減小的趨勢，并且小洪水的洪峰和洪量比對大洪水減少的更多，這種結(jié)果符合流域?qū)樗恼{(diào)蓄作用，下墊面的變化對小洪水比對大洪水的調(diào)蓄作用更加明顯。
[Abstract]:Due to the influence of human activities such as infrastructure construction, industrial and agricultural production, eco-environmental construction and other human activities, some changes have taken place on the underlying surface of the Haihe River basin, resulting in corresponding changes in the design flood. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the revision of the design flood after the change of the underlying surface condition in order to adjust the flood control countermeasure and the layout of the flood control project accordingly. Taking the Haihe River basin as the research object, this paper studies the influence of the change of the underlying surface of the Haihe River basin on the mechanism of runoff yield and confluence and the revision method of the influence of the underlying surface of the design flood, and puts forward the technique and method of the uniform correction of the underlying surface of the design flood. The results of design flood in typical area of Daqing River Basin were revised. The main research contents and achievements are as follows: (1) the rainstorm and flood data in the basin are calculated. The hydrological factors, such as the secondary rainfall, Hong Feng discharge, secondary flood volume, secondary radial flow depth, surface runoff depth, pre-rainfall, and so on, are calculated for each typical flood. (2) based on the long-term hydrologic observation data, the spatial-temporal evolution of water cycle elements in the typical region of Daqing River Basin is studied. Spearman rank correlation test, Mann-Kendall rank correlation test and moving average method are used to analyze the trend of precipitation series and flow series. The variation analysis is carried out by sequential clustering method, sliding F test and double cumulative curve method. The test results show that the rainfall and Hong Feng discharge of the two reservoirs both show a downward trend, and the variation point is determined to be 1979. (3) rainfall-runoff correlation analysis and flood series calculation. The runoff production parameters such as maximum water storage capacity, water surface evaporation, regression coefficient and so on are analyzed. The rainfall-runoff correlation analysis of representative region is carried out based on the sudden change point of flood series, and the relationship between rainfall and runoff is analyzed in this paper. The rainfall-runoff relationship before 1980 was modified by using the rainfall-runoff relationship after 1980. The influence of the underlying surface change on the secondary flood volume was obtained and the flood sequence was realized. The correlation maps of flood volume and Hong Feng in different periods are established. According to the variation amplitude of flood volume in different periods, the change of Hong Feng is estimated and determined, and the Hong Feng flow series is realized. (4) the calculation of design flood process. The frequency analysis of the revised and pre-revised flood series is carried out to calculate the design flood. The results show that due to the influence of the change of the underlying surface, especially the change of the soil and water conservation project and the conversion of farmland to forest, the Hong Feng discharge and flood amount in the typical watershed tend to decrease. Moreover, Hong Feng and flood volume of small flood decreased more than that of large flood. This result is consistent with the regulation and storage of flood in watershed, and the change of underlying surface has more obvious effect on small flood than on large flood.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV122.3

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