【摘要】：在密云水庫上游控制流域建立SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型,根據(jù)實測水量-水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)對模型的參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。識別流域土壤侵蝕和污染物關(guān)鍵區(qū)域,并對不同管理措施對流域水量-水質(zhì)的影響進(jìn)行定量研究。研究結(jié)果表明:密云水庫流域土壤侵蝕強度較大的集中在流域中下游臨近河道的區(qū)域;潮河流域非點源污染狀況較為嚴(yán)重,潮河和白河總氮流失超高風(fēng)險區(qū)分別占總面積的62.62%和43.09%,白河流域總磷均為低流失風(fēng)險區(qū),潮河流域總磷高流失風(fēng)險區(qū)占17.81%;等高耕作和梯田種植對于產(chǎn)沙量和污染物都有較好的去除效果,其中等高耕作對于產(chǎn)沙量和總氮、總磷負(fù)荷的削減率,潮河分別為25.16%、10.79%和32.89%,白河為47.60%、34.92%和53.49%;通過對比退耕還林和退耕還草措施得知,退耕還林的效果更優(yōu)。研究結(jié)果可為密云水庫流域水土保持和水環(huán)境治理提供決策依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model was established in the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir, and the parameters of the model were optimized according to the measured water quantity-water quality data. The key areas of soil erosion and pollutants in the watershed were identified, and the effects of different management measures on water quality and water quality of the watershed were quantitatively studied. The results show that the soil erosion intensity in Miyun reservoir basin is concentrated in the area near the river channel in the middle and lower reaches of the basin. The non-point source pollution in Chaohe River basin is serious, the total nitrogen loss superhigh risk areas of Chaohe River and Bai River account for 62.62% and 43.09% of the total area, respectively, and the total phosphorus in the Baihe River Basin is low risk area. The high risk area of total phosphorus loss in Chaohe River basin accounted for 17.81%. Contour tillage and terrace planting have better removal effects on sediment yield and pollutants, in which the reduction rates of sediment yield, total nitrogen and total phosphorus load are 25.16%, 10.79% and 32.89% in tidal river, respectively, and the reduction rates of sediment yield and total nitrogen and total phosphorus load are 25.16%, 10.79% and 32.89% in tidal river, respectively. White River was 47.60%, 34.92% and 53.49%; Through comparing the measures of returning farmland to forest and returning farmland to grassland, the effect of returning farmland to forest is better. The results can provide decision-making basis for soil and water conservation and water environment control in Miyun reservoir basin.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)水科學(xué)研究院水沙科學(xué)教育部重點實驗室;
【分類號】：TV697;X524

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