【摘要】：我國(guó)各大流域河床中都分布有深厚覆蓋層,其具有結(jié)構(gòu)松散、巖性不連續(xù)、成因類型復(fù)雜、物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)不均勻、透水性較強(qiáng)等特性,在深厚覆蓋層上修建水利水電工程存在一系列科學(xué)技術(shù)難題,如壩基土體的工程地質(zhì)特性及建壩適應(yīng)性、壩基水文地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和相對(duì)隔水層的空間分布、土體物理力學(xué)參數(shù)和抗?jié)B指標(biāo)的選取、壩基滲漏、壩基變形、抗?jié)B穩(wěn)定及抗震液化穩(wěn)定等,與此同時(shí),對(duì)于深厚覆蓋層壩基施工技術(shù)、施工機(jī)械、施工工藝等方面也提出了更高的要求。本文以下坂地水利樞紐工程為例,基于壩址區(qū)地質(zhì)資料和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),確定了巖土體的物理力學(xué)參數(shù),采用數(shù)值分析方法研究了壩體和壩基滲流場(chǎng)和位移場(chǎng)的變化規(guī)律,并與監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,總結(jié)了深厚覆蓋層防滲墻和帷幕灌漿關(guān)鍵施工技術(shù)。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下所示： (1)采用數(shù)值分析方法研究了鋪蓋的長(zhǎng)度、厚度和滲透參數(shù)以及垂直防滲墻和防滲帷幕的深度、厚度和滲透參數(shù)對(duì)壩基滲流控制效果的影響,結(jié)果表明：上游水平鋪蓋的防滲效果隨其長(zhǎng)度和厚度增加而增強(qiáng),當(dāng)水平長(zhǎng)度超過(guò)4倍壩高或厚度超過(guò)2m時(shí),防滲效果未有顯著提高,而滲透系數(shù)降低時(shí)其防滲效果持續(xù)增強(qiáng)；垂直防滲墻和帷幕灌漿的防滲效果隨其深度增加而增強(qiáng),提高了垂直防滲體結(jié)構(gòu)的滲透坡降,降低了下游壩坡的滲透坡降；無(wú)論垂直防滲結(jié)構(gòu)是否完全截?cái)喔采w層時(shí),增加防滲結(jié)構(gòu)厚度和降低滲透系數(shù),對(duì)防滲效果無(wú)明顯影響。 (2)針對(duì)深厚覆蓋層壩基防滲體布置的特點(diǎn)——上部采用混凝土防滲墻,下部采用防滲帷幕,本次數(shù)值模擬主要針對(duì)下部防滲帷幕進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,優(yōu)化模型以防滲帷幕的工程量為目標(biāo)函數(shù),壩基滲流量和最大水力迫降為約束條件,計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：設(shè)置4排防滲帷幕,帷幕厚度為11.01m,最大水力坡降為5.45,滿足現(xiàn)行規(guī)范要求,并且優(yōu)化結(jié)果與實(shí)際工程帷幕排數(shù)一致。 (3)針對(duì)深厚覆蓋層不同地層交錯(cuò)、混合出現(xiàn)的情況,對(duì)不同級(jí)配的砂礫石和細(xì)砂進(jìn)行室內(nèi)灌漿試驗(yàn),分析灌漿漿液在不同地層的擴(kuò)散情況和可灌性,并獲取相應(yīng)砂礫石層的灌漿參數(shù)；通過(guò)壓水試驗(yàn),分析灌漿對(duì)各常見(jiàn)砂礫石地層滲透系數(shù)減小、抗?jié)B性能提高的效果,分析在較高水頭壓力作用下不同地層的滲透穩(wěn)定性,對(duì)防滲帷幕灌漿進(jìn)行分析論證。 (4)研究深厚覆蓋層灌漿鉆孔方法和固壁泥漿技術(shù),解決覆蓋層鉆孔難、易塌孔的難題；開(kāi)發(fā)適合深厚覆蓋層施工且物理力學(xué)性能優(yōu)異的灌漿新材料;優(yōu)化現(xiàn)有帷幕灌漿施工設(shè)備和工藝,提出一套適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的深厚覆蓋層帷幕灌漿施工技術(shù)——孔口封閉循環(huán)灌漿法。 (5)通過(guò)分析深厚覆蓋層壩基滲流監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),掌握了滲透規(guī)律及防滲體運(yùn)行狀況；基于滲流場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)成果,采用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)反演壩基和防滲體滲透參數(shù),并對(duì)壩基滲流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,結(jié)果表明：正常蓄水位工況下在不同防滲體相連接處應(yīng)進(jìn)行加固,在防滲體下游排水部位應(yīng)做好反濾層設(shè)置,避免發(fā)生破壞；庫(kù)水位驟降工況下上游壩坡和混凝土內(nèi)部浸潤(rùn)線高程影響較大,對(duì)下游壩坡影響較小,混凝土防滲墻和防滲帷幕內(nèi)部滲透坡降隨庫(kù)水位下降而降低。
[Abstract]:In that river bed of the major valley of China, there are deep overburden, which have the characteristics of loose structure, discontinuous lithology, complex genetic type, non-uniform physical and mechanical property, strong water permeability, etc., and a series of scientific and technological problems exist in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower project on the deep cover layer. such as the engineering geological characteristics of the soil body of the dam foundation, the adaptability of the dam, the hydrogeologic structure of the dam foundation and the spatial distribution of the relative water-insulating layer, the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil body and the selection of the anti-permeability index, the seepage of the dam foundation, the deformation of the dam foundation, the anti-seepage stability and the anti-seismic liquefaction stability and the like, The construction technology, construction machinery, construction technology and other aspects of the deep covering layer dam foundation have also put forward the higher requirements. Based on the geological data and the field test data of the dam site area, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil body are determined based on the geological data of the dam site area and the on-site test data. The law of the seepage field and the displacement field of the dam body and the dam foundation is studied by means of the numerical analysis method, and the comparison and analysis with the monitoring data are carried out. The key construction technology of the thick-layer cut-off wall and curtain grouting is summarized. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) The influence of the length, thickness and penetration parameters of the cover and the depth, thickness and penetration parameters of the vertical cut-off wall and the anti-seepage curtain on the seepage control effect of the dam foundation are studied by means of the numerical analysis method. It is clear that the anti-seepage effect of the upstream horizontal cover is enhanced with the increase of its length and thickness, and when the horizontal length exceeds 4 times the dam height or the thickness is over 2 m, the anti-seepage effect is not significantly improved, and the seepage-proof effect of the upstream horizontal spreading cover is continuously increased when the permeability coefficient is reduced. The anti-seepage effect of the vertical anti-seepage wall and the curtain grouting is enhanced along with the increase of the depth, the seepage slope of the vertical anti-seepage body structure is improved, the seepage slope of the downstream dam slope is reduced, No obvious shadow on the anti-seepage effect. In response to (2) the characteristics of the anti-seepage body layout for the deep cover layer dam foundation, the upper part adopts the concrete anti-seepage wall and the lower part adopts the anti-seepage curtain. The numerical simulation mainly aims at the optimization of the lower anti-seepage curtain, and the optimization model is based on the engineering quantity of the anti-seepage curtain. The calculation results show that:4 rows of anti-seepage curtain are set, the curtain thickness is 11.0m, the maximum hydraulic pressure drop is 5.45, the current specification requirements are met, and the result of optimization and the actual project curtain row are optimized. and (3) carrying out indoor grouting test on the sand-gravel and the fine sand with different grades aiming at the condition that the deep covering layer is staggered and mixed in different layers, and analyzing the diffusion condition and the filling property of the grouting slurry in different layers, and obtaining the grouting parameters of the corresponding sand-gravel layer; and the method comprises the following steps of: Through the water pressure test, the effect of grouting on the permeability coefficient of each common sand and gravel formation and the improvement of the anti-seepage performance is analyzed, and the seepage stability of different strata under the action of higher head pressure is analyzed, and the grouting of the anti-seepage curtain is carried out. Line analysis and demonstration. (4) To study the deep-layer grouting drilling method and the solid-wall mud technique, to solve the problem of hard and easy-to-collapse of the covering layer, and to develop new grouting material which is suitable for the construction of deep covering layer and excellent in physical and mechanical properties; and to optimize the existing curtain grouting. Construction equipment and process, and put forward a set of deep-cover curtain grouting construction technology, which is suitable for China's national conditions. A closed-cycle grouting method is adopted. (5) The seepage law and the operation condition of the anti-seepage body are mastered through the analysis of the seepage data of the dam foundation of the deep covering layer, and the seepage parameters of the dam foundation and the seepage-proof body are inverted by using the BP neural network based on the monitoring result of the seepage field, and the seepage field of the dam foundation is carried out The numerical simulation shows that the joint of different anti-seepage bodies should be strengthened under normal water storage condition, and the drainage area downstream of the anti-seepage body should be set up to avoid the damage; the elevation of the upstream dam slope and the inner infiltration line of the concrete under the condition of the water level of the reservoir is large, The influence of the downstream dam slope is small, and the inner seepage slope of the concrete cut-off wall and the anti-seepage curtain is reduced
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV543.5

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