【摘要】：大型水庫由于水溫分層現(xiàn)象易對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成一系列不利影響,但由于水深較大現(xiàn)場測量困難,水溫分層的實測資料極少,對其研究尚不夠深入。通過物理模型試驗?zāi)M并測量了春末夏初水庫庫首水溫分層的形成和演化過程,分析了流量和出水口位置對水溫在垂向和水平分布的影響。結(jié)果表明:1由于分層流流動的特點和水動力條件的差異,水溫垂向結(jié)構(gòu)在溫度分層的演化過程中表現(xiàn)為多種形式。2垂向溫差取決于上下游位置、入庫流量和水庫出水口的高度。通常在垂直方向上,上游溫差要比下游大。隨著進水口流量的增加和出口位置高度的提高,垂向溫差也隨之加大。3水平方向上的水溫分布與水深、進水口流量和出水口高度有著密切聯(lián)系。在水庫的表面和中部位置,上游水溫要高于下游水溫。然而在特定條件下,如進水口流量較大且出口位置在表面時,上游水溫要低于下游水溫。4水流的出口溫度受進水口流量和出水口位置的影響。較低的出水口位置會導(dǎo)致出水溫度較低,在初始時段尤為明顯。
[Abstract]:Because of the phenomenon of water temperature stratification in large reservoirs, a series of adverse effects on ecological environment are easily caused. However, because of the difficulty of field measurement of water depth, the measured data of water temperature stratification are very few, and the research on the stratification of water temperature is not deep enough. The formation and evolution of water temperature stratification at the head of reservoir in late spring and early summer were simulated and measured by physical model test. The effects of flow rate and outlet location on vertical and horizontal distribution of water temperature were analyzed. The results show that: (1) due to the characteristics of stratified flow and the difference of hydrodynamic conditions, the vertical structure of water temperature appears in many forms during the evolution of temperature stratification. 2 the vertical temperature difference depends on the position of upstream and downstream. The discharge of the reservoir and the height of the outlet of the reservoir. Generally, in the vertical direction, the upstream temperature difference is larger than the downstream. With the increase of inlet discharge and outlet height, the vertical temperature difference also increases. 3 the water temperature distribution in horizontal direction is closely related to water depth, inlet discharge and outlet height. At the surface and middle of the reservoir, the upstream water temperature is higher than the downstream water temperature. However, under certain conditions, if the inlet flow rate is large and the outlet position is on the surface, the upstream water temperature is lower than the downstream water temperature. 4 the outlet temperature of the water flow is affected by the inlet flow rate and the outlet position. The lower outlet position will lead to lower outlet temperature, especially in the initial period.
【作者單位】： 中央民族大學生命與環(huán)境科學學院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金資助項目(51479218)
【分類號】：TV697.21
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本文編號：2395000