【摘要】：隨著人為活動的影響和城市化的快速發(fā)展，水資源的供需矛盾日益突出，水環(huán)境壓力也逐漸增大。近年來，大量城市綠地被不透水面所取代，導致洪峰流量增大，既對排水系統(tǒng)造成了巨大的壓力，又引起了生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、洪澇災害、地下水位下降等問題。低影響開發(fā)是一種源頭控制管理措施，通過入滲、過濾、蒸發(fā)等方式來模擬自然水文條件，使區(qū)域開發(fā)后的水文特性和開發(fā)前一致，從而實現(xiàn)徑流量減少、徑流污染負荷降低和保護受納水體的目標。 基于低影響開發(fā)理念，論文利用不透水面雨水試驗裝置，以深圳市綠色建筑小區(qū)為研究區(qū)域，以路面雨水、廣場雨水和屋面雨水為研究對象，分析了裝置在路面-屋面組合、廣場-屋面組合下對雨水的凈化規(guī)律，主要結論如下所示： ①路面-屋面組合能延緩徑流產(chǎn)生時間18-34分鐘，延緩徑流峰值出現(xiàn)時間11-32分鐘，徑流削減率達60.18%~65.07%，徑流峰值為路面進水的0.61-0.99倍、屋面進水的0.60-0.67倍；路面進水和屋面進水徑流中的污染物濃度隨降雨歷時逐漸衰減，路面溢流和組合溢流中污染物濃度隨降雨歷時呈現(xiàn)鋸齒狀波動。 ②廣場-屋面組合能延緩徑流產(chǎn)生時間33-43分鐘，延緩徑流峰值出現(xiàn)時間12-45分鐘，徑流削減率達40.31%~87.92%，徑流峰值為廣場進水的0.44-1.09倍、屋面進水的0.33-1.05倍；廣場進水和屋面進水徑流中的污染物濃度隨降雨歷時逐漸衰減，廣場溢流和組合溢流中污染物濃度隨降雨歷時呈現(xiàn)鋸齒狀波動。 ③由溢流出水和滲透出水的水質(zhì)分析可知，，不透水面雨水試驗裝置在兩種工況下，對各種污染物均有一定的去除效果，但去除率波動較大；在不考慮滲透出水的前提下，此裝置能較好的削減降雨徑流中各種污染物的含量。 論文還對不透水面雨水試驗裝置的調(diào)蓄效應和凈化效應進行了研究，結果表明：在重現(xiàn)期0.25年時，試驗裝置能接納相當于自身面積0.80-1.02倍的不透水面所產(chǎn)生的徑流量，隨著蓄水高度或滲透系數(shù)的增加，裝置能服務的不透水面面積有顯著的增加；在不同重現(xiàn)期下，試驗裝置對徑流污染物均有一定的削減，但隨著重現(xiàn)期的增大，裝置能完全消納的污染物含量降低。 上述研究結果可以豐富低影響開發(fā)技術的基礎資料，為低影響開發(fā)技術的推廣提供技術支撐，為城市建筑小區(qū)雨水利用工程的設計提供理論依據(jù)，具有重要的指導意義。
[Abstract]:With the influence of human activities and the rapid development of urbanization, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is becoming more and more serious, and the pressure of water environment is gradually increasing. In recent years, a large number of urban green space has been replaced by impermeable surface, which leads to the increase of Hong Feng discharge, which not only causes great pressure on the drainage system, but also causes the deterioration of ecological environment, the flood disaster and the decrease of groundwater level. Low-impact development is a source control management measure, which simulates the natural hydrological conditions by infiltration, filtration, evaporation and so on, so that the hydrological characteristics of the region after development are consistent with those before development, so as to realize the reduction of runoff. The goal of reducing runoff pollution load and protecting receiving water. Based on the concept of low-impact development, the paper uses the impervious surface Rain Water test device, taking Shenzhen green building district as the research area, taking the pavement Rain Water, the square Rain Water and the roofing Rain Water as the research objects, analyzes the combination of the installation on the pavement and the roof. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) pavement roof combination can delay runoff generation time 18-34 minutes, and delay runoff peak time 11-32 minutes. The runoff reduction rate is 60.18% and 65.07%, the peak runoff value is 0.61-0.99 times of the road water and 0.60-0.67 times of the roof water. The concentration of pollutants in the influent of pavement and roof gradually attenuates with the duration of rainfall, and the concentration of pollutants in pavement overflow and combined overflow fluctuates with the duration of rainfall. (2) the combination of square and roof can delay the runoff generation time for 33-43 minutes, delay the peak runoff time for 12-45 minutes, reduce runoff rate to 40.31% and 87.92%, and the peak runoff value is 0.44-1.09 times as much as that of the square inlet water. 0.33-1.05 times that of roof water; The pollutant concentration in the influent and roof runoff of the square and roof gradually attenuates with the rainfall duration, and the pollutant concentration in the plaza overflow and the combined overflow shows a jagged fluctuation with the rainfall duration. 3 according to the water quality analysis of overflow effluent and permeable effluent, Rain Water test device of impermeable surface has certain removal effect on all kinds of pollutants under two working conditions, but the removal rate fluctuates greatly; Without considering the permeable effluent, the device can reduce the amount of various pollutants in rainfall runoff. In this paper, the regulating and purifying effects of an impermeable water surface Rain Water experimental device are also studied. The results show that during the period of 0.25 years, The test equipment can accept the runoff produced by the impervious surface equal to 0.80-1.02 times of its own area. With the increase of water storage height or permeability coefficient, the area of impermeable surface served by the device increases significantly. Under different recurrence periods, the runoff pollutants were reduced to a certain extent, but with the increase of the recurrence period, the content of pollutants that could be completely absorbed by the device decreased. The above research results can enrich the basic data of low impact development technology, provide technical support for the popularization of low impact development technology, and provide theoretical basis for Rain Water's use of engineering design in urban building district, which has important guiding significance.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X52;TV213.9

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