【摘要】：本文內(nèi)容主要以圍繞三種尺度下的結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)展開,這三種不同尺度結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)分別為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)混凝土試塊軸向壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn),外徑160mm長度1200mm的鋼管混凝土軸向壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)以及按照幾何比尺1:10進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的重慶果園港二期碼頭結(jié)構(gòu)模型下的撞擊力實(shí)驗(yàn)。本文確定了DIC(Digtal Image Correlation,即數(shù)字圖像相關(guān)技術(shù))測量技術(shù)的可靠性,并通過控制變量法,明確了DIC測量技術(shù)在不同尺度下的檢測方法,提高了其測量精度水平,達(dá)到了為結(jié)構(gòu)原型實(shí)時(shí)應(yīng)用DIC技術(shù)打下基礎(chǔ)的目的,同時(shí)文中還闡述了不同尺度下的位移應(yīng)變演化結(jié)果,探討了碼頭結(jié)構(gòu)性能檢測關(guān)鍵問題,提出了對(duì)水工結(jié)構(gòu)檢測標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建立問題。得出的主要的結(jié)論如下:(1)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)混凝土試塊軸向壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)中,曲線初始階段測量值跳動(dòng)較大,上升階段至最大承重力前測量結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確,與理論值相一致,DIC測量技術(shù)能夠滿足試件及整體結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)在最大承重力前的測量精度要求,不同尺度實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相同。(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明散斑尺寸對(duì)測量值精度影響顯著,最優(yōu)尺寸為6-15個(gè)像素點(diǎn);另一重要參數(shù)光源誤差置信區(qū)間應(yīng)控制在0.004附近;(3)基于鋼管混凝土樁的軸向壓縮DIC檢測試驗(yàn)可知,數(shù)值穩(wěn)定性與分析區(qū)域成負(fù)相關(guān),計(jì)算速度與分析區(qū)域成正相關(guān),實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)合理選擇分析區(qū)域;標(biāo)定板的選用當(dāng)與攝像頭拍攝場景相匹配,最大化覆蓋測量區(qū)域?yàn)榧?拍攝場景與測量精度成負(fù)相關(guān),與投影誤差成正相關(guān),因此應(yīng)用DIC測量當(dāng)合理選用測量鏡頭,在大場景測量時(shí)可配合短焦距鏡頭進(jìn)行細(xì)部檢測;分析不同拍攝間隔曲線值發(fā)現(xiàn),時(shí)間間隔對(duì)測量值不產(chǎn)生影響;基于2D和3D對(duì)比試驗(yàn)得出,雙目拍攝較舊法單目拍攝解決了試件彎曲部分誤差大的問題,具體變量參數(shù)值文中將做詳細(xì)說明。(4)本文列出了多組鋼管混凝土豎向位移演化圖,包括有無鋼筋,有無鋼護(hù)筒,不同鋼護(hù)筒厚度和不同拍攝場景四種情況,結(jié)果表明DIC測量技術(shù)能夠清晰地反映構(gòu)件的位移應(yīng)變演化規(guī)律,測點(diǎn)數(shù)值變化趨勢(shì),初步設(shè)想在多組試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上建立構(gòu)件破壞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化DIC原型測量技術(shù)。(5)基于碼頭整體結(jié)構(gòu)模型撞擊力實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)合前文成果建立了整套DIC碼頭整體結(jié)構(gòu)檢測技術(shù)路線,明確了主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)。實(shí)踐證明將DIC測量技術(shù)作為一種新型無損檢測技術(shù)前景可觀,在結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)變分析部分優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,可對(duì)整體結(jié)構(gòu)及單一構(gòu)件檢測進(jìn)行定量分析,提出了結(jié)合無人機(jī)拍攝技術(shù)和在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上建立結(jié)構(gòu)檢測標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的初步設(shè)想,為更加快速高效地進(jìn)行實(shí)地原型結(jié)構(gòu)性能檢測打下基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The main contents of this paper are based on the structural experiments under three different scales, which are the axial compression experiments of standard concrete test blocks. The axial compression test of concrete filled steel tube (1200mm) with outer diameter of 160mm length and the impact force experiment under the structural model of Chongqing Orchard Port Phase II wharf designed at 1:10 of geometric scale were carried out. In this paper, the reliability of DIC (Digtal Image Correlation, (Digital Image correlation) measurement technology is determined. By controlling variable method, the detection methods of DIC measurement technology at different scales are defined, and the measurement accuracy level is improved. The aim of this paper is to lay the foundation for the real-time application of DIC technology to the prototype of the structure. At the same time, the evolution results of displacement and strain at different scales are described, and the key problems in detecting the structure performance of the wharf are discussed. The establishment of the inspection standard for hydraulic structure is put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) in the axial compression test of the standard concrete test blocks, the measured values of the initial phase of the curve are larger than those of the experimental data, and the measured results are accurate before the rising stage to the maximum load-bearing force, and are consistent with the theoretical values. The DIC measurement technique can meet the precision requirements of the specimen and the whole structure test before the maximum load-bearing force. (2) the experimental results show that the speckle size has a significant effect on the accuracy of the measured values. The optimal size is 6-15 pixels. The confidence interval of light source error of another important parameter should be controlled in the range of 0.004; (3) based on axial compression DIC test of concrete-filled steel tubular pile, the numerical stability is negatively correlated with the analysis area, and the calculation speed is positively correlated with the analysis area. When the calibration board is matched with the camera, it is better to maximize the coverage of the measurement area. The shooting scene has a negative correlation with the measurement accuracy and a positive correlation with the projection error. Therefore, when the measurement lens is reasonably selected by using DIC measurement, it can be combined with the short focal length lens to carry out the detail detection in the large scene measurement. By analyzing the curve values of different shooting intervals, it is found that the time interval has no effect on the measured values. Based on 2D and 3D comparative tests, it is found that binocular photography can solve the problem that the error of bending part of the specimen is larger than that of the old monocular method. (4) the evolution diagram of vertical displacement of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) is listed in this paper, including whether there is a steel bar, whether there is a steel guard, different thickness of the steel tube and different shooting scenes. The results show that the DIC measurement technique can clearly reflect the displacement and strain evolution of the member, and the numerical change trend of the measuring points. The preliminary assumption is to establish the damage standard value of the component on the basis of multi-group tests. Further optimize the DIC prototype measurement technology. (5) based on the impact force experiment of the overall structure model of the wharf, combined with the previous results, a whole set of DIC wharf overall structure detection technology route is established, and the main technical specifications are defined. It is proved by practice that DIC measurement technology has a promising prospect as a new type of nondestructive testing technology. It has obvious advantages in time-varying analysis of structure, and can be used for quantitative analysis of whole structure and single component. Combined with UAV shooting technology and the establishment of structure detection standard on the basis of statistics, this paper puts forward a preliminary idea, which lays a foundation for faster and more efficient performance testing of prototype structures in the field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U656.113

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