【摘要】：水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度就是在傳統(tǒng)水庫調(diào)度的基礎(chǔ)上,同時將生態(tài)目標(biāo)納入到調(diào)度過程當(dāng)中,實現(xiàn)水庫社會效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、生態(tài)效益有機統(tǒng)一,尋求最佳結(jié)合點,通過改變水庫調(diào)度方式,最大限度地滿足河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的需水要求,維護(hù)河流生態(tài)健康。本論文從汾河干流主要生態(tài)問題入手,識別汾河水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度目標(biāo),確定合理的汾河干流生態(tài)需水量,建立水庫生態(tài)優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型并求解,并對調(diào)度結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析評價。主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下:(1)利用逐月最小生態(tài)徑流計算法和逐月頻率年內(nèi)展布計算法,計算汾河干流4個典型水文斷面(汾河水庫、蘭村、二壩、柴莊)的生態(tài)徑流量。計算結(jié)果表明:逐月最小生態(tài)徑流計算法和逐月頻率年內(nèi)展布計算法計算得到的生態(tài)徑流量,均符合Tennant法評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中生態(tài)功能目標(biāo)的要求。逐月頻率年內(nèi)展布法是在逐月頻率法和年內(nèi)展布法的基礎(chǔ)上提出的一種新的河道內(nèi)生態(tài)徑流計算方法。該方法考慮了河流總體過程及其變化特征,尤其是季節(jié)性豐枯變化。因此,在反映河流天然徑流的豐枯變化特征上具有一定優(yōu)勢。同逐月最小生態(tài)徑流計算法相比,該方法計算確定的生態(tài)徑流量更有利于河流生態(tài)健康,更加貼近天然河流年內(nèi)豐枯變化狀況。(2)根據(jù)河流生態(tài)需水的概念與組成,選取不同計算方法,計算出了汾河干流不同水文斷面的自凈需水量、輸沙需水量、入海需水量,考慮各生態(tài)需水量的特點,得到了汾河干流不同水文斷面的綜合生態(tài)需水過程。(3)以滿足汾河水庫經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最大為目標(biāo),水庫下游河道生態(tài)需水為約束條件,建立了基于FS-DDDP算法求解的水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度模型。以汾河水庫為例,設(shè)置了不同的供水方案,得到了不同水平年汾河水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度方案,并對各方案計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析。結(jié)果表明,豐水年水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度在保證生態(tài)需水的前提下,水庫經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最大,方案1和方案3優(yōu)于其他方案,城市供水和灌溉用水可以得到充分滿足,城市供水和灌溉用水分別為18250萬m3、8449萬m3;平水年水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度在保證生態(tài)需水的前提下,水庫經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最大,方案5優(yōu)于其他方案,城市供水可以得到充分滿足,灌溉用水只能得到部分滿足,城市供水和灌溉用水分別為18250萬m3、13753萬m3;枯水年水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度在保證生態(tài)需水的前提下,水庫經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最大,方案9優(yōu)于其他方案,城市供水可以得到充分滿足,灌溉用水只能得到部分滿足,城市供水和灌溉用水分別為18250萬m3、9582萬m3。
[Abstract]:Reservoir ecological operation is based on the traditional reservoir operation, and at the same time, the ecological objectives are brought into the operation process to achieve the reservoir social, economic and ecological benefits organic unity, to seek the best combination point. By changing the reservoir dispatching mode, the water requirement of the river ecosystem can be met to the greatest extent, and the river ecological health can be maintained. This paper starts with the main ecological problems of Fenhe main stream, identifies the ecological dispatching target of Fenhe reservoir, determines the reasonable ecological water demand of Fenhe main stream, establishes and solves the model of reservoir ecological optimal dispatching, and analyzes and evaluates the dispatching result. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the ecological runoff of four typical hydrological sections (Fenhe Reservoir, Lancun, Erba, Chaizhuang) is calculated by using monthly minimum ecological runoff calculation method and monthly frequency distribution calculation method. The results show that the ecological runoff calculated by the monthly minimum ecological runoff calculation method and the monthly frequency distribution calculation method meet the requirements of the ecological function objectives of the Tennant evaluation standard. The monthly frequency distribution method is a new method for calculating the ecological runoff in river based on the monthly frequency method and the annual distribution method. The method takes into account the overall process of the river and its variation characteristics, especially the seasonal variation. Therefore, it has some advantages in reflecting the characteristics of fluvial natural runoff. Compared with the monthly minimum ecological runoff calculation method, the ecological runoff determined by this method is more favorable to the ecological health of rivers and closer to the annual variation of natural rivers. (2) according to the concept and composition of river ecological water demand, Different calculation methods are selected to calculate the self-purification water demand, sediment transport water demand and sea water demand of different hydrological sections of the main stream of Fenhe River, taking into account the characteristics of each ecological water demand. The comprehensive ecological water demand process of different hydrological sections in the main stream of Fenhe River is obtained. (3) to meet the maximum economic benefit of Fenhe Reservoir and to restrict the ecological water demand of the lower reaches of the reservoir, the comprehensive ecological water demand process of different hydrological sections of Fenhe River is obtained. A reservoir ecological operation model based on FS-DDDP algorithm is established. Taking Fenhe Reservoir as an example, different water supply schemes are set up, and the ecological dispatching schemes of Fenhe Reservoir at different levels are obtained, and the calculation results of each scheme are compared and analyzed. The results show that under the premise of ensuring the ecological water demand, the reservoir has the greatest economic benefit, the first and third schemes are superior to other schemes, and the urban water supply and irrigation water can be fully satisfied. Urban water supply and irrigation water were 182.5 million m3 and 84.49 million m3, respectively. Under the premise of ensuring ecological water demand, the reservoir has the greatest economic benefit. Scheme 5 is superior to other schemes. The urban water supply can be fully satisfied, and the irrigation water can only be partially satisfied. Urban water supply and irrigation water were 182.5 million m3 and 137.53 million m3, respectively. Under the premise of ensuring the ecological water demand, the reservoir has the greatest economic benefit. Scheme 9 is superior to other schemes. The urban water supply can be fully satisfied, and the irrigation water can only be partially satisfied. Urban water supply and irrigation water were 182.5 million m3 and 95.82 million m3 respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV213.4

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