【摘要】：長(zhǎng)江上游水道具有較大的航運(yùn)潛力巨大,但對(duì)其開發(fā)利用明顯不足;目前國(guó)家在建設(shè)長(zhǎng)江黃金水道的同時(shí)又在提倡對(duì)長(zhǎng)江航道生態(tài)的保護(hù),既要有航運(yùn)開發(fā)、又要有生態(tài)保護(hù),這就為航道整治建設(shè)增加了一定的難度。目前炸礁等施工方法會(huì)對(duì)施工水域的生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生毀滅性的破壞,因而研發(fā)一種生態(tài)環(huán)保的清礁技術(shù)對(duì)于長(zhǎng)江航道的生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)具有重要的意義。因此,本文提出采用高壓磨料射流水下切割礁石的新方法,為研發(fā)該水射流切礁的方法,初期的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于闡明流速的衰減規(guī)律、射流流場(chǎng)的水動(dòng)力特性等等,因而本文從這幾點(diǎn)出發(fā)得出的主要成果如下:(1)本文文歸納總結(jié)了水射流的水流結(jié)構(gòu)特征、沖擊特征以及射流擬序結(jié)構(gòu)的研究現(xiàn)狀,概述了高壓水射流目前主要的研究方法及取得的一些研究成果。(2)本文系統(tǒng)論述了高壓水射流數(shù)值模擬的基本原理,并對(duì)所建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明數(shù)模成果準(zhǔn)確可信,可用于后續(xù)的模擬研究中。(3)根據(jù)不同水深下數(shù)值模擬的流場(chǎng)比對(duì)分析,得出了不同水深情況下的徑向與軸向流速分布規(guī)律,展示了不同水深下近場(chǎng)軸線流速加速過程以及射流初始長(zhǎng)度,解決了淺水射流水深對(duì)沖擊效率影響的問題。(4)通過對(duì)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果的分析,初步闡明了受限條件下高壓淹沒水射流軸向與徑向不同時(shí)刻、不同位置下的流速分布情況,簡(jiǎn)要說明了渦旋分布、流線運(yùn)動(dòng)情況以及軸向流場(chǎng)流速隨時(shí)間變化的特性。(5)建立不同靶距下的二維平面沖擊射流數(shù)學(xué)模型,闡明不同靶距下的軸線流速、壓強(qiáng)分布特性,論述了靶距對(duì)沖蝕孔徑及深度的影響。
[Abstract]:The waterway in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has great shipping potential, but its exploitation and utilization are obviously insufficient. At present, the country is promoting the ecological protection of the Yangtze River waterway while constructing the golden waterway of the Yangtze River. It is necessary to have both shipping development and ecological protection, which has increased some difficulties for the construction of waterway regulation. At present, the construction methods such as reef blasting will destroy the ecological environment of the construction waters, so it is of great significance to develop an eco-environmental cleaning technology for the protection of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River waterway. Therefore, in this paper, a new method of cutting reef underwater by high pressure abrasive jet is put forward. In order to develop the method of cutting reef by water jet, a key point in the initial stage is to clarify the law of velocity attenuation, the hydrodynamic characteristics of jet flow field, and so on. Therefore, the main results obtained from these points are as follows: (1) this paper summarizes the characteristics of water flow structure, impingement characteristics and the research status of jet structure. The main research methods and achievements of high pressure water jet are summarized. (2) the basic principle of numerical simulation of high pressure water jet is discussed systematically, and the established mathematical model is verified. The results show that the numerical simulation results are accurate and reliable and can be used in subsequent simulation research. (3) according to the flow field comparison analysis of numerical simulation under different water depths, the radial and axial velocity distributions under different water depths are obtained. The acceleration process of near-field axis velocity and the initial length of jet under different water depths are demonstrated. The problem of the impact efficiency of shallow water jet water depth is solved. (4) the numerical simulation results are analyzed. The velocity distribution of high pressure submerged water jet at different positions and at different times in axial and radial direction under confined conditions is preliminarily explained, and the vortex distribution is briefly explained. (5) the mathematical model of two-dimensional plane impinging jet with different target distances is established, and the characteristics of axial velocity and pressure distribution under different target distances are illustrated. The effect of target distance on the diameter and depth of erosion is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U617

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