結(jié)合SWMM模型和海綿城市理念的雨水管網(wǎng)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-25 13:07
【摘要】：近年來由于經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展和人口數(shù)量的增加,城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展日趨月異。與此同時,城市的發(fā)展也面臨著非常大的環(huán)境與資源壓力,因此城市難以繼續(xù)向外擴張發(fā)展。由于地面硬化以及城市內(nèi)湖的縮小等原因,短歷時暴雨導(dǎo)致部分城市出現(xiàn)內(nèi)澇現(xiàn)象,嚴重危害人們的日常出行和工作。而海綿城市建設(shè)通過將雨水下滲、滯蓄等方式,能在很大程度上防治內(nèi)澇現(xiàn)象,因此在全國范圍內(nèi)得到陸續(xù)推廣。為了改善城市內(nèi)澇的問題,人們對排水系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化也逐漸重視了起來,國內(nèi)的部分給排水專家也嘗試著去研究SWMM等水力模型,通過應(yīng)用該模型對天津、北京等地進行實際運用,發(fā)現(xiàn)其效果良好。本文將SWMM模型應(yīng)用到西安市北郊部分區(qū)域暴雨徑流的模擬計算,然后結(jié)合分析結(jié)果和海綿城市理念討論整治措施,主要研究內(nèi)容為以下四點:(1)根據(jù)西安市暴雨強度公式、暴雨雨型計算出設(shè)計重現(xiàn)期分別為1、2、3、5、10、20、50年時的2h降雨強度時間序列表;綜合土地利用圖和各類土地利用類型的不透水率參考表計算出各子匯水區(qū)的不透水率;根據(jù)地域特征及參考其他文獻確定SWMM模型的其余參數(shù)。(2)通過SWMM模型分不同降雨重現(xiàn)期進行模擬可知:在設(shè)計重現(xiàn)期為1年時,只有片區(qū)4的節(jié)點Y4-12出現(xiàn)溢流、管段G4-12出現(xiàn)超載,其余節(jié)點和管段都在正常狀態(tài),流速小于5m/s,在規(guī)范范圍之內(nèi);重現(xiàn)期為2年時,如節(jié)點Y3-6和管段G3-6等個別節(jié)點和管段出現(xiàn)溢流和超載現(xiàn)象;設(shè)計重現(xiàn)期為3、5年時,有小部分節(jié)點和管段出現(xiàn)溢流和超載現(xiàn)象,其流速在正常范圍內(nèi);當(dāng)設(shè)計重現(xiàn)期為10年及以上時,各片區(qū)出現(xiàn)不同程度的節(jié)點溢流和管段超載現(xiàn)象,其流速正常。針對上述問題,對應(yīng)地分析問題的原因所在:由于地面硬化等因素導(dǎo)致不透水率較大,地表產(chǎn)流量大;承擔(dān)匯水的子區(qū)域太多,導(dǎo)致排水任務(wù)沉重;設(shè)計時重現(xiàn)期選擇小,部分管徑偏小或坡度較緩導(dǎo)致排水不暢。(3)當(dāng)重現(xiàn)期為3年時,由于匯水區(qū)域不透水率大,節(jié)點Y3-6出現(xiàn)溢流,可通過綠色屋頂、下凹式綠地、透水鋪裝等海綿城市改造減小地表徑流量;由于下游管徑偏小導(dǎo)致節(jié)點Y2-1、Y3-2、Y4-12出現(xiàn)溢流,可在調(diào)整管徑的同時實行透水鋪裝等措施緩減排水壓力;由于匯水子面積太多導(dǎo)致Y1-9、Y2-9、Y3-9、Y4-6、Y4-9出現(xiàn)溢流,可通過對溢流節(jié)點上游的道路、建筑物、景觀水體等實行海綿城市改造,對雨水進行下滲或滯蓄。(4)當(dāng)設(shè)計重現(xiàn)期為50年時,根據(jù)模擬結(jié)果計算出需要調(diào)蓄的洪流量共220606m3,建議修建調(diào)蓄池容積共計222900m3,平均每公頃需要修建調(diào)蓄設(shè)施容積136.33m3。為保證排澇能力,應(yīng)該疏通行泄通道,同時根據(jù)海綿城市理念對水體進行改造,結(jié)合濕地、初期雨水處理設(shè)施等增強水體對洪峰以及污染物的控制能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the increase of population, the development of cities and towns is becoming more and more different. At the same time, the development of the city also faces great environmental and resource pressure, so it is difficult for the city to continue to expand and develop outwards. Due to the hardening of the ground and the shrinking of the lake in the city, the short duration rainstorm causes the phenomenon of waterlogging in some cities, which seriously harms people's daily travel and work. The sponge city construction can prevent waterlogging to a great extent by infiltration and storage of Rain Water, so it has been popularized one after another in the whole country. In order to improve the problem of urban waterlogging, people pay more and more attention to the optimization of drainage system. Some domestic water supply and drainage experts also try to study hydraulic models such as SWMM, and apply the model to Tianjin, Beijing and other places. It was found that the effect was good. In this paper, the SWMM model is applied to the simulation calculation of rainstorm runoff in the northern suburb of Xi'an, and then combined with the analysis results and the concept of sponge city, the measures are discussed. The main research contents are as follows: (1) according to the formula of rainstorm intensity in Xi'an, The design recurrence period of rainstorm rain pattern is 1 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 3 ~ 5 ~ 5 ~ 10 ~ (10) ~ 20, respectively, and the time sequence of 2 h rainfall intensity in 50 years is listed. Comprehensive land use maps and various types of land use types of water permeability reference table to calculate the water permeability of each sub-catchment area; According to the regional characteristics and other references, the other parameters of the SWMM model are determined. (2) by using the SWMM model, different rainfall recurrence periods are simulated. When the design recurrence period is one year, only the node Y4-12 of region 4 has overflow. G4-12 is overloaded, the other nodes and segments are in normal state, the velocity of flow is less than 5 m / s, which is within the standard range. When the recurrence period is 2 years, there is overflow and overload phenomenon in individual nodes and pipe segments such as node Y3-6 and G3-6, and when the design recurrence period is 3, 5 years, there is overflow and overload phenomenon in a small number of nodes and pipe segments, and the velocity of flow is within the normal range. When the design recurrence period is more than 10 years, there are different degrees of node overflow and pipe overloading in each region, and the velocity of flow is normal. In view of the above problems, the corresponding analysis of the causes of the problem: due to factors such as surface hardening, such as large impermeability, large surface production and discharge, there are too many sub-areas of water catchment, resulting in heavy drainage task; In the design, the selection of recurrence period is small, some pipe diameter is too small or the slope is slow, and the drainage is not smooth. (3) when the recurrence period is 3 years, the node Y3-6 overflows due to the large impermeability of the catchment area, which can be passed through the green roof and the concave green space. Water permeable paving and other sponge city reconstruction to reduce surface runoff; Because the downstream pipe diameter is small, the node Y2-1OY3-2OY4-12 is overflowing, so the drainage pressure can be reduced by adjusting the pipe diameter and implementing the permeable paving at the same time. Due to the excessive area of water catchments, Y1-9OY2-9OY3-9OY4-6 Y4-9 overflows, the spongy city transformation can be carried out on the roads, buildings and landscape water bodies upstream of the overflow nodes. (4) when the design recurrence period is 50 years, the amount of flood current that needs to be adjusted and stored is calculated according to the simulation results, and the volume of storage tank is 222900m3, and the average volume of storage facility is 136.33m3per hectare. In order to ensure the ability of waterlogging drainage, the drainage passage should be dredged, at the same time, the water body should be reformed according to the concept of sponge city, combined with wetland and early Rain Water treatment facilities to enhance the control ability of water body to Hong Feng and pollutants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU992;TV213.9
本文編號：2356210
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the increase of population, the development of cities and towns is becoming more and more different. At the same time, the development of the city also faces great environmental and resource pressure, so it is difficult for the city to continue to expand and develop outwards. Due to the hardening of the ground and the shrinking of the lake in the city, the short duration rainstorm causes the phenomenon of waterlogging in some cities, which seriously harms people's daily travel and work. The sponge city construction can prevent waterlogging to a great extent by infiltration and storage of Rain Water, so it has been popularized one after another in the whole country. In order to improve the problem of urban waterlogging, people pay more and more attention to the optimization of drainage system. Some domestic water supply and drainage experts also try to study hydraulic models such as SWMM, and apply the model to Tianjin, Beijing and other places. It was found that the effect was good. In this paper, the SWMM model is applied to the simulation calculation of rainstorm runoff in the northern suburb of Xi'an, and then combined with the analysis results and the concept of sponge city, the measures are discussed. The main research contents are as follows: (1) according to the formula of rainstorm intensity in Xi'an, The design recurrence period of rainstorm rain pattern is 1 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 3 ~ 5 ~ 5 ~ 10 ~ (10) ~ 20, respectively, and the time sequence of 2 h rainfall intensity in 50 years is listed. Comprehensive land use maps and various types of land use types of water permeability reference table to calculate the water permeability of each sub-catchment area; According to the regional characteristics and other references, the other parameters of the SWMM model are determined. (2) by using the SWMM model, different rainfall recurrence periods are simulated. When the design recurrence period is one year, only the node Y4-12 of region 4 has overflow. G4-12 is overloaded, the other nodes and segments are in normal state, the velocity of flow is less than 5 m / s, which is within the standard range. When the recurrence period is 2 years, there is overflow and overload phenomenon in individual nodes and pipe segments such as node Y3-6 and G3-6, and when the design recurrence period is 3, 5 years, there is overflow and overload phenomenon in a small number of nodes and pipe segments, and the velocity of flow is within the normal range. When the design recurrence period is more than 10 years, there are different degrees of node overflow and pipe overloading in each region, and the velocity of flow is normal. In view of the above problems, the corresponding analysis of the causes of the problem: due to factors such as surface hardening, such as large impermeability, large surface production and discharge, there are too many sub-areas of water catchment, resulting in heavy drainage task; In the design, the selection of recurrence period is small, some pipe diameter is too small or the slope is slow, and the drainage is not smooth. (3) when the recurrence period is 3 years, the node Y3-6 overflows due to the large impermeability of the catchment area, which can be passed through the green roof and the concave green space. Water permeable paving and other sponge city reconstruction to reduce surface runoff; Because the downstream pipe diameter is small, the node Y2-1OY3-2OY4-12 is overflowing, so the drainage pressure can be reduced by adjusting the pipe diameter and implementing the permeable paving at the same time. Due to the excessive area of water catchments, Y1-9OY2-9OY3-9OY4-6 Y4-9 overflows, the spongy city transformation can be carried out on the roads, buildings and landscape water bodies upstream of the overflow nodes. (4) when the design recurrence period is 50 years, the amount of flood current that needs to be adjusted and stored is calculated according to the simulation results, and the volume of storage tank is 222900m3, and the average volume of storage facility is 136.33m3per hectare. In order to ensure the ability of waterlogging drainage, the drainage passage should be dredged, at the same time, the water body should be reformed according to the concept of sponge city, combined with wetland and early Rain Water treatment facilities to enhance the control ability of water body to Hong Feng and pollutants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU992;TV213.9
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