【摘要】：隨著高校規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,高校人數(shù)逐年增加,導(dǎo)致高�？傆盟恳仓鹉暝黾�,高校已成為我國(guó)城市用水大戶之一。高校節(jié)水水平制約著我國(guó)城市節(jié)水的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。 本文介紹了山西大學(xué)、太原理工大學(xué)、中北大學(xué)和山西大學(xué)商務(wù)學(xué)院四所太原市典型院校的用水概況。通過問卷調(diào)查的形式和收集高校用水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)資料,對(duì)太原市高校的用水構(gòu)成和特征進(jìn)行了分析發(fā)現(xiàn),太原市高校普遍存在超定額用水的現(xiàn)象；太原市高校學(xué)生具有一定的節(jié)水意識(shí),但是仍然沒有形成全面的節(jié)約用水習(xí)慣；大部分學(xué)生認(rèn)為應(yīng)該通過用水管理制度、節(jié)水技術(shù)以及提高學(xué)生節(jié)水意識(shí)來提高校園節(jié)水效率。 針對(duì)太原市高校目前存在的用水浪費(fèi)問題,本文從節(jié)水器具的普及、節(jié)水工程的建設(shè)和節(jié)水制度的完善三方面進(jìn)行了高校節(jié)水對(duì)策分析。太原市高校應(yīng)大范圍普及節(jié)水型水龍頭、便器和淋浴器的使用,其節(jié)水效益明顯,可達(dá)40%左右；新校區(qū)在進(jìn)行規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)和老舊校區(qū)進(jìn)行改造時(shí),應(yīng)充分考慮中水回用系統(tǒng)和雨水利用系統(tǒng)的建立,就中北大學(xué)一年的中水回用效益就有106.14萬元；應(yīng)制定一套完善的節(jié)水管理方案,該方案需具有可行性、科學(xué)性、合理性、有效性等條件。 本文就工程節(jié)水措施詳細(xì)介紹了高校雨水及中水利用研究。其中雨水利用方面,在確定蓄水池規(guī)模而進(jìn)行的可積蓄雨量計(jì)算時(shí),為了合理的選取徑流系數(shù)值,進(jìn)行了室外實(shí)地徑流系數(shù)模擬試驗(yàn)。本次試驗(yàn)選取了瀝青路面、水泥路面、透水性鋪裝三種下墊面,降雨強(qiáng)度(四個(gè)水平)、地面坡降(三個(gè)水平)、降雨歷時(shí)三個(gè)變量,研究了徑流系數(shù)與變量之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,水泥路面與瀝青路面變化規(guī)律基本一致,徑流系數(shù)均隨降雨強(qiáng)度、降雨歷時(shí)、地面坡降的增大而增大；透水性鋪裝在雨強(qiáng)較小時(shí),徑流系數(shù)與坡降成負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,當(dāng)降雨強(qiáng)度較大時(shí),徑流系數(shù)與坡降成正相關(guān)關(guān)系。通過對(duì)校園不同下墊面雨水水質(zhì)測(cè)定發(fā)現(xiàn),各下墊面徑流雨水PH隨降雨歷時(shí)的增加逐漸增大,均在6.5-7.5之間；濁度整體隨時(shí)間的推移呈下降趨勢(shì),降雨60min后,屋面雨水徑流穩(wěn)定在15度左右,路面雨水徑流穩(wěn)定在35度左右；雨水銨態(tài)氮含量較低,并隨降雨歷時(shí)的增加而減小,變化范圍不大；降雨初期,徑流中的COD、SS濃度較大,隨著降雨量的增加,其含量逐漸減少,降雨60min后,路面雨水徑流穩(wěn)定在200mg/L左右,屋面雨水徑流穩(wěn)定在20mg/L附近。通過對(duì)徑流雨水水質(zhì)和徑流系數(shù)變化規(guī)律的研究,可以為雨水積蓄利用工程中確定可積蓄雨量的多少、確定蓄水池規(guī)模的大小、合理選擇雨水處理工藝和集雨工程的推廣奠定理論依據(jù)。 在綜合研究太原市高校用水現(xiàn)狀、用水特點(diǎn)、高校節(jié)水存在的問題的基礎(chǔ)上,從節(jié)水器具、工程措施和管理措施三方面對(duì)太原市高校的節(jié)水潛力進(jìn)行了評(píng)估發(fā)現(xiàn),太原市高校光節(jié)水器具一項(xiàng)年可節(jié)約自來水費(fèi)用就高達(dá)2430萬元；中北大學(xué)中水回用年可節(jié)約自來水費(fèi)用為106.14萬元。太原理工大學(xué)為例,通過分析計(jì)算得出雨水利用的年經(jīng)濟(jì)效益約為173.23萬元。此外,隨著雨水積蓄利用工程規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,雨水利用所產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)效益日趨明顯。 通過對(duì)太原市高校節(jié)水的研究及建設(shè),不僅可以減少高�？傆盟�,降低辦學(xué)成本,而且還可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的節(jié)水意識(shí),形成良好的節(jié)水習(xí)慣,樹立自覺節(jié)水的社會(huì)風(fēng)尚,從而帶動(dòng)全市乃至全民節(jié)水意識(shí)的提高,使節(jié)水型高校逐步擴(kuò)大到節(jié)水型城市,再發(fā)展到節(jié)水型社會(huì),實(shí)現(xiàn)水資源的高效利用和合理配置,這對(duì)于我國(guó)建設(shè)節(jié)約型社會(huì),實(shí)現(xiàn)水資源的合理可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the university scale, the number of colleges and universities has increased year by year, leading to the increase of the total water consumption of the university year by year. The water-saving level in colleges and universities restrict the development of water-saving in our country. This paper introduces the water consumption of the typical colleges and universities in Taiyuan, the Taiyuan University of Technology, the Central University of China and the School of Business of the University of Shanxi. The paper makes an analysis on the composition and characteristics of the water in the university of Taiyuan through the form of the questionnaire and the data of the collected water. It is found that the phenomenon of the super-quota water is prevalent in the university in Taiyuan, and the university students in Taiyuan have a certain water-saving effect. Consciousness, but still does not form a comprehensive water-saving habit; most of the students think that the water-saving of the campus should be improved by using the water management system, the water-saving technology and the improvement of the water-saving consciousness of the students In view of the problem of water waste in the present water-saving system in Taiyuan, this paper, from the popularization of the water-saving appliance, the construction of the water-saving project and the improvement of the water-saving system, has carried on the university's section. The water-saving water-saving tap, the water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving water-saving tap, the water-saving water-saving device and the water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-The establishment of the system, with the benefit of the middle and the north university for one year, has a benefit of 106.14 million yuan, and a complete set of water-saving management plan should be set up, which needs to be feasible, scientific and reasonable. In this paper, the water-saving measures of the project are introduced in detail. in that study of the use of water and medium water, in the case of the use of stormwater, the outdoor field is carry out in order to reasonably select the value of the runoff coefficient in the calculation of the accumulated rainfall in the determination of the size of the reservoir. The runoff coefficient simulation test is carried out. The three variables such as asphalt pavement, cement pavement and water-permeable pavement are selected, the rainfall intensity (four levels), the ground slope (three levels) and the rainfall duration are three variables, and the runoff coefficient is studied. The results show that the change rule of the cement pavement and the asphalt pavement is basically the same, the runoff coefficient increases with the rainfall intensity, the rainfall duration and the slope of the ground, and the water-permeable pavement is strong in the rain and the runoff coefficient is inversely related to the slope. When the rainfall intensity is large, the runoff coefficient is the same as The results show that the PH of the runoff in the lower surface is gradually increased with the increase of the duration of the rainfall, all of which are between 6.5 and 7.5. The change of the turbidity as a whole decreases with the time, and after the rainfall is 60min, the roof rainwater runoff and the content of the COD and SS in the runoff is larger with the increase of the rainfall, and the content of the rainfall is gradually reduced along with the increase of the rainfall, After the rainfall of 60min, the rainwater runoff of the pavement is stabilized at about 200mg/ L, and the rainwater runoff of the roof is stable. In the vicinity of 20mg/ L, by studying the change law of runoff water quality and runoff coefficient, it is possible to determine the amount of accumulated rainfall in the rainwater storage and utilization project, to determine the size of the reservoir, to select the rainwater treatment process and the rain-collecting project reasonably. On the basis of the comprehensive study of the present situation of water use, the characteristics of water and the problems of water-saving in colleges and universities, the paper puts forward the three aspects of water-saving appliance, engineering measures and management measures to the university of Taiyuan. It is found that the water-saving potential of the water-saving appliance of the university in Taiyuan is up to 2430 million yuan in one year, and the water return in the University of China can save the running water in the year. The cost is 106.14 million yuan. In the case of Taiyuan University of Technology, the annual economic effect of the rainwater utilization is obtained through analysis and calculation. The profit is about 173.23 million yuan. In addition, with the expansion of the project scale and the utilization of the rainwater, The social benefit is becoming more and more obvious. Through the research and construction of the water-saving in the colleges and universities in Taiyuan, it is not only possible to reduce the total water consumption in colleges and universities, to reduce the running cost, but also to train the water-saving consciousness of the students and to form good water-saving. Habit, set up a self-conscious water-saving social fashion, so as to drive the whole city and even the whole people to realize the improvement of water-saving consciousness, so that the water-saving colleges and universities are gradually expanded to the water-saving city, and then the water-saving society is developed, so that the efficient utilization and reasonable distribution of the water resources are realized On the other hand, this is about the construction of a resource-saving society in our country and the realization of water resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV213.9

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