【摘要】：我國(guó)的平原河網(wǎng)區(qū)存在大量的圩區(qū),圩堤的修筑隔斷了自然的水流路徑,圩堤內(nèi)外的水量交換則通過(guò)涵、閘、泵站等水工設(shè)施人工控制。分布式水文模型是流域水文過(guò)程模擬與預(yù)測(cè)的主要手段之一,而現(xiàn)有的分布式水文模型都缺乏針對(duì)圩區(qū)的水文模擬模塊,使其難以模擬平原圩區(qū)復(fù)雜、獨(dú)特的水文過(guò)程。因此,在充分探究平原圩區(qū)水文特征的基礎(chǔ)上提出一種適用于平原圩區(qū)的分布式水文建模方法,對(duì)于提高分布式水文模型在平原圩區(qū)的適用性、改善流域生態(tài)環(huán)境具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文選擇位于太湖流域湖西區(qū)的溧陽(yáng)流域作為研究區(qū),在解析平原圩區(qū)空間結(jié)構(gòu)與水文特征的基礎(chǔ)上,研究不同類(lèi)型圩區(qū)與圩外河道的水量交換機(jī)理,建立了圩區(qū)內(nèi)外水量交換計(jì)算模型,并將其作為一個(gè)功能模塊嵌入到SWAT模型中,建立了具備圩區(qū)水文模擬模塊的分布式水文模型,通過(guò)在研究區(qū)的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明本文構(gòu)建的圩區(qū)內(nèi)外水量交換計(jì)算模型在平原圩區(qū)具有良好的適用性。 本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與成果如下： (1)通過(guò)野外實(shí)地考察,分析了平原圩區(qū)的類(lèi)型、空間結(jié)構(gòu)和水文特性。根據(jù)圩區(qū)所處的地形特點(diǎn),將圩區(qū)分為半山圩、平坦圩和高差圩三種類(lèi)型,分析了不同類(lèi)型圩區(qū)的內(nèi)外水量交換機(jī)理,根據(jù)圩區(qū)灌溉、排澇的調(diào)度規(guī)則建立了圩區(qū)內(nèi)外水量交換計(jì)算模型。 (2)對(duì)SWAT模型的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了解析,通過(guò)編程以及河道演算過(guò)程源碼的修改,在SWAT模型中集成了圩區(qū)水文過(guò)程模擬模塊,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)的參數(shù)文件定制。 (3)選取溧陽(yáng)流域?yàn)榈湫脱芯繀^(qū),利用集成了圩區(qū)模擬模塊的SWAT模型進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M,結(jié)果表明,模型修改后胡家圩橋站模擬結(jié)果的相對(duì)誤差、相關(guān)系數(shù)和納什系數(shù)從37%、0.52和0.41提高到了24%、0.68和0.67,山前橋站模擬結(jié)果的相對(duì)誤差、相關(guān)系數(shù)和納什系數(shù)從37%、0.69和0.56提高到了26%、0.82和0.78。改進(jìn)后的模型基本避免了SWAT模型在平原圩區(qū)模擬汛期徑流峰值偏高、徑流峰值提前、徑流高峰后徑流回落過(guò)快的現(xiàn)象,說(shuō)明本文建立的圩區(qū)內(nèi)外水量交換計(jì)算模型能較好模擬流域內(nèi)圩區(qū)的水文過(guò)程,有助于提高平原圩區(qū)的水文過(guò)程模擬的準(zhǔn)確性,為分布式水文模型在平原圩區(qū)的應(yīng)用提供了一種方法。
[Abstract]:There are a large number of polder areas in the plain river network area of our country. The construction of the dike has cut off the natural flow path, and the water exchange inside and outside the dike is controlled manually by hydraulic facilities such as culvert, sluice, pump station and so on. Distributed hydrological model is one of the main methods for hydrological process simulation and prediction of watershed. However, the existing distributed hydrological models lack of hydrological simulation module for polder area, which makes it difficult to simulate the complex and unique hydrological process in plain polder region. Therefore, on the basis of fully exploring the hydrological characteristics of plain polder region, a distributed hydrological modeling method suitable for plain polder region is put forward, which can improve the applicability of distributed hydrological model in plain polder area. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the ecological environment of river basin. In this paper, the Liyang basin, located in the western part of Lake Taihu Basin, is selected as the study area. On the basis of analyzing the spatial structure and hydrological characteristics of the plain polder region, the water exchange mechanism of different types of polder areas and river channels outside the fair is studied. The calculation model of internal and external water exchange in polder region is established, which is embedded into SWAT model as a functional module, and a distributed hydrological model with hydrological simulation module in polder area is established. The experiments in the study area show that the calculation model of internal and external water exchange in the polder region is suitable for the plain polder region. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the types, spatial structure and hydrological characteristics of plain polder are analyzed by field investigation. According to the topographic characteristics of polder area, the polder area is divided into three types: Banshanwei, Pingxu and Gaodaixu. The internal and external water exchange mechanism of different polder areas is analyzed, and according to the irrigation in polder area, the internal and external water exchange mechanism of polder area is analyzed. The calculation model of internal and external water exchange in polder area is established according to the regulation of drainage. (2) the structure of SWAT model is analyzed. By programming and modifying the source code of river course, the hydrologic process simulation module of polder area is integrated in the SWAT model, and the corresponding parameter file is customized. (3) selecting Liyang watershed as the typical research area, using the SWAT model which integrates the simulation module of polder area to carry on the experiment simulation, the result shows that the relative error, correlation coefficient and Nash coefficient of the simulation results of Hujiawei Bridge Station after the model modification are from 37 to 37. 0.52 and 0.41 increased to 240.68 and 0.67, the relative error, correlation coefficient and Nash coefficient increased from 370.69 and 0.56 to 0.82 and 0.78 respectively. The improved model basically avoids the phenomenon that the peak value of runoff in flood season is on the high side, the peak value of runoff is earlier, and the runoff drop is too fast after the peak of runoff in plain polder area by SWAT model. The results show that the calculation model of water exchange inside and outside the polder area can simulate the hydrological process of the polder area in the basin and improve the accuracy of the hydrological process simulation in the plain polder area. It provides a method for the application of distributed hydrological model in plain polder area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P333

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